Taiwan abalone Haliotis diversicolor supertexta (13–16 g) were challenged with Vibrio parahaemolyticus at a dose of 2 10 colony-forming units (cfu) abalone 1 previously incubated in TSBmedium for 24 h, then placed in water having concentrations of dissolved oxygen (DO) at 7.70, 5.61, 3.57 and 2.05 mg l . Onset of mortality occurred after 6-h exposure to 2.05 mg l 1 DO, and after 12-h exposure t...

Hemocytes and the (prophenol-) phenoloxidase system constitute the immediate innate immune system in insects. These components of insect immunity are present at any post-embryonic life stage without previous infection. Differences between individuals and species in these immune parameters can reflect differences in infection risk, life expectancy, and biological function. In honeybees which sho...

The aim of this study was to determine the effects phenolic substances in different plants (mulberry, apple, walnut and plum) on hemocyte counts antioxidant enzyme activities Hyphantria cunea larvae infected with granulovirus (HycuGV) uninfected. In study, contents plant materials were firstly determined. Then, these ingredients uninfected As a result all groups increased infection activity, ph...

This study aimed to verify if Dinophysis acuminata natural blooms affected the immune system of three bivalves: the oyster, Crassostrea gigas, the mussel, Perna perna, and the clam, Anomalocardia brasiliana. Animals were obtained from a renowned mariculture farm in the southern bay of Santa Catarina Island during, and 30 days after (controls), an algal bloom. Various immunological parameters we...

As a member of phenoloxidase group of enzymes, laccase has been reported as to be quite efficient in oxidative degradation of various phenolics by some investigators. In this paper, effectivity of laccase enzyme produced from Trametes versicolor ATCC 200801 on dechlorination of pp’DDT in order to reduce its toxicity has been investigated. In experimental conditions used during enzymatic dechlor...

In arthropods, the melanization reaction is associated with multiple host defense mechanisms leading to the sequestration and killing of invading microorganisms. Arthropod melanization is controlled by a cascade of serine proteases that ultimately activates the enzyme prophenoloxidase (PPO), which, in turn, catalyzes the synthesis of melanin. Here we report the biochemical and genetic character...