Femtosecond x-ray and visible pulses were used to probe structural and electronic dynamics during an optically driven, solid-solid phase transition in VO(2). For high interband electronic excitation (approximately 5 x 10(21) cm(-3)), a subpicosecond transformation into the high-T, rutile phase of the material is observed, simultaneous with an insulator-to-metal transition. The fast time scale o...

The two-phase flow widely exists in the nature and industrial processes. The measurement of two-phase flows, including gas/solids, gas/liquid and liquid/liquid flows, is still challenging. Fusions of electrical tomography with conventional sensors provide possibilities to improve two-phase flow accurate measurement. In this paper, fusions of (1) electrical resistance tomography (ERT) with elect...

Al2O3-SiO2 diphasic gel was synthesized by sol gel route from aluminium nitrate and silicic acid following aqueous phase colloidal interaction. The precursor gel powder was thoroughly characterized by chemical analysis, measurement of surface area and bulk density measurement. The gel powder was further characterized by thermogravimetry, XRD diffraction stud...

The measurement accuracy of an interferometric optical test is generally limited by the environment. This paper discusses two single-shot interferometric techniques for reducing the sensitivity of an optical test to vibration; simultaneous phase-shifting interferometry and spatial carrier interferometry. ©2004 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: (120.0120) Instrumentation, measurement and me...

The presence of loss limits the precision of an approach to phase measurement using NOON states. A calculation using a simple beam-splitter model of loss shows that, for all nonzero values L of the loss, phase measurement precision degrades with increasing number N of entangled photons for N sufficiently large. For L above a critical value of approximately 0.785, phase measurement precision deg...

Electromagnetic phase measurement is a key measurement technology in optical communication as well as in microwave photonics. The present lecture re-examines recent progress in electromagnetic phase control and its relevance to future communication systems. Electromagnetic phase measurement and regulation techniques are presented while tracing a path through a communication system from transmit...