This article is dedicated to the design of a linear-circular regression technique and to its application to ground-based GNSS-Reflectometry (GNSS-R) altimetry. The altimetric estimation is based on the observation of the phase delay between a GNSS signal sensed directly and after a reflection off of the Earth’s surface. This delay evolves linearly with the sine of the emitting satellite elevati...

We address the problem of group delay ripples in chirped fibre gratings on dispersion compensation in optical transmission systems. We show that the intersymbol interference, which is a highly harmful effect induced by the group delay ripples in transmission systems, can be substantially reduced by the use of nonlinear optical loop mirrors. This leads to an improvement of the system performance...

091301-1 Presented are details of the staged electron laser acceleration (STELLA) experiment, which demonstrated high-trapping efficiency and narrow energy spread in a staged laser-driven accelerator. Trapping efficiencies of up to 80% and energy spreads down to 0.36% (1 ) were demonstrated. The experiment validated an approach that may be suitable for the basic design of a laser-driven acceler...

The possibility of making an optically large (many wavelengths in diameter) object appear invisible has been a subject of many recent studies. Exact invisibility scenarios for large (relative to the wavelength) objects involve (meta)materials with superluminal phase velocity (refractive index less than unity) and/or magnetic response. We introduce a new approximation applicable to certain devic...

In this paper, we present a new method for segmenting speech at the phoneme level. For this purpose, we use the short-time Fourier transform of the speech signal. The goal is to recognize the locations of main energy changes in frequency over time, which can be described as phoneme boundaries. We apply a sub-band analysis and search for energy changes in individual bands as well to obtain furth...

Measurement of Group Delay and Amplitude response of RF and Microwave components and assemblies, including frequency converters, using the 6840 series Microwave System Analyzer with the Group Delay option. application note application note 1 INTRODUCTION

Recent psychoacoustic studies of nonlinear distortion have yielded some new insights into what audible problems in loudspeaker might be related to. This paper will show the results of recent subjective tests which extend the work of various previous works to show that sound level significantly affects the perception of linear distortion in audio systems. This means that the hearing system itsel...

We show that the group delay in tunneling is not a traversal time but a lifetime of stored energy or stored probability escaping through both ends of the barrier. Because it is a lifetime associated with both forward (transmitted) and backward (reflected) fluxes, it cannot be used to define a group velocity for forward transit in cases where a wavepacket is mostly reflected. For photonic tunnel...

This paper is in two parts. The first part contains a description of the conventional filter, which includes all filters in general use today. These filters when utilizing LC components date from the turn of the century, and from the 1920s using crystals, with improved analyses made later by Nyquist and others. There are some facts stated here which are not generally considered in all texts, or...