bacteriophage is a kind of virus that infect bacteria, and is distinct from the animal and plant viruses that could have either lytic or lysogenic cycle. lytic phages known as candidates for phage therapy, since they rapidly replicate into their host and lyse them. theoretically, phages have more than a few benefits over routine antibiotics. they are extremely specific and for their targeted ho...

Abstract Plasmids and temperate phages are key contributors to bacterial evolution. They usually regarded as very distinct. However, some elements, termed phage–plasmids, known be both plasmids phages, e.g. P1, N15 or SSU5. The number, distribution, relatedness characteristics of these phage–plasmids poorly known. Here, we screened for elements among ca. 2500 12000 identified 780 across diverse...

The deeply intertwined evolutionary history between bacteriophages and bacteria has endowed phages with highly specific mechanisms to hijack bacterial cell metabolism for their propagation. Here, we present a comprehensive, phage-driven strategy reveal novel antibacterial targets by the exploitation of phage-bacteria interactions. This will enable design small molecules, which mimic inhibitory ...

Bacteriophage therapy dates back almost a century, but the discovery of antibiotics led to a rapid decline in the interests and investments within this field of research. Recently, the novel threat of multidrug-resistant bacteria highlighted the alarming drop in research and development of new antibiotics: 16 molecules were discovered during 1983-87, 10 new therapeutics during the nineties, and...

Bacteriophage T4 capsid is an elongated icosahedron decorated with 155 copies of Hoc, a nonessential highly antigenic outer capsid protein. One Hoc monomer is present in the center of each major capsid protein (gp23*) hexon. We describe an in vitro assembly system which allows display of HIV antigens, p24-gag, Nef, and an engineered gp41 C-peptide trimer, on phage T4 capsid surface through Hoc-...

Toxoplasma gondii is a ubiquitous, unicellular, eukaryotic parasite with a complex intracellular life cycle capable of invading and chronically infecting a wide variety of vertebrate host species, including man. Although normally opportunistic in healthy adults, it is a lethal pathogen in immunocompromised humans, particularly in AIDS patients. We present the application of a genomic phage disp...

Infection with Helicobacter pylori is chronic despite a vigorous cellular and humoral immune response and causes severe pathology in some patients. In this study, phage display was used as a new approach in order to investigate the role of the host's humoral immune response in the pathogenesis of H. pylori gastritis. Human monoclonal single-chain Fv (scFv) antibody fragments against H. pylori c...

BACKGROUND Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are known to be involved in the pathogenesis of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi), the causative agent of typhoid fever. The objective of this study was to apply a phage display library to identify mimotopes of two HSPs, HSP90 and DnaK in S. Typhi. METHODOLOGY A 12-mer random peptide library expressed on the surface of the filamentous phage, M1...

Abstract TIGIT is an emerging immune checkpoint receptor expressed higher than PD-1 in some tumors especially anti-PD1 resistant tumors. By competing with the co-stimulatory CD226/DNAM-1 for binding to CD155/PVR, transduces inhibitory signals and suppresses response. Therefore, we sought discover inhibitors improving tumor immunotherapy. Through directional cloning, bacterial transformation pha...

Nowadays the most difficult problem in treatment of bacterial infections is the appearance of resistant bacteria to the antimicrobial agents so that the attention is being drawn to other potential targets. In view of the positive findings of phage therapy, many advantages have been mentioned which utilizes phage therapy over chemotherapy and it seems to be a promising agent to replace the antib...