The neutralization titer of a hemagglutinin (HA)-specific neutralizing antibody against new isolates reflect both the antigenic drift and the conformation status of HA protein in these new influenza viruses. Since most antigenic sites are in the HA1 domain of HA, using HA1 domain of influenza virus as antigen is of great importance in vaccine development. In this study, we investigate different...

A distributed model of solid waste digestion in a 1-D bioreactor with leachate recirculation and pH adjustment was developed to analyze the balance between the rates of polymer hydrolysis/acidogenesis and methanogenesis during the anaerobic digestion of municipal solid waste (MSW). The model was calibrated on previously published experimental data generated in 2-L reactors filled with shredded ...

Kinetic curves for neutralization of adenovirus type 2 with anti-hexon serum revealed no lag periods even when the serum was highly diluted or when the temperature was lowered to 4 degrees C, thus indicating a single-hit mechanism. Multiplicity curves determined with anti-hexon serum displayed a linear correlation between the degree of neutralization and dilution of antiserum. Neutralization va...

We experimentally acidified three low alkalinity first-order streams in forested catchments in Maine, USA. We evaluated water samples from a reference site above the point of hydrochloric acid addition and from two or three sites located 16 to 94 m downstream. Neutralization included protonation of weak acids, adsorption of sulfate, and ion exchange of base cations and aluminum (Al) for protons...

In this study, the high-resolution ultrasonic spectroscopy (HR-US) technique was applied to examine interpolyelectrolyte neutralization. The mentioned method tested on example of complexation between poly(allylammonium) cations and poly(acrylate) anions in aqueous solutions at pH = 7. It confirmed by HR-US that type titration (stepwise or abrupt), direction titration, background salt affect out...

In this work, a Weiner-type nonlinear black box model was developed for capturing dynamics of open loop stable MIMO nonlinear systems with deterministic inputs. The linear dynamic component of the model was parameterized using orthogonal Laguerre filters while the nonlinear state output map was constructed either using quadratic polynomial functions or artificial neural networks. The properties...

purification of drinking and industrial water required usage of high molecular weight polymer to cause flocculation process of dispersed suspension of contaminants. polyelectrolytes, including ionic polyacrylamide are especially appropriate for these purposes, because in this case the suspension stability can be controlled by both steric and electrostatic forces. thus the influence of solution ...

Drug delivery system is an amazing tool which widely used for drug protection and its controlled release in order to enhance bioavailability, reduce side effects therefore improve overall therapy. Hydrogels have been attracted great attention as carriers due their physicochemical properties, similarity the living tissues biocompatibility. One group of pH sensitive hydrogels are based on poly(me...