Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a potent stimulator of inflammation, and the inhibition of its synthesis is one possible mechanism of action of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). We have investigated patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis to determine how synovial fluid levels of PGE2 are affected by tiaprofenic acid or indomethacin medication. Ten patients suffering from rheumato...

We investigated the effects of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) on amyloid precursor protein (APP) expression in cultured rat microglia. PGE2 treatment significantly increased the expression of APP holoprotein and was associated with an elevation in cyclic AMP (cAMP). Direct activation of adenylate cyclase with forskolin also increased APP expression. Co-treatment of microglia with PGE2 and the PKA inhi...

Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) has been demonstrated to exhibit a critical role in osteoarthritic chondrocytes. Whether 5,7,3',4'-tetramethoxyflavone (TMF) plays the chondroprotective role in inhibition of PGE2-induced chondrocytes apoptosis associating with ERS has not been reported. To investigate this, the activation of PERK, ATF6, and IRE1 signaling pathways in ERS in chondrocytes pretr...

Prostaglandins (PGs) derived from inducible cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 are important proinflammatory mediators of the host-immune response to infection. Since the role of host-derived PG in human malaria is unknown, plasma bicyclo-PGE2 (a stable catabolite of PGE2), peripheral blood mononuclear cell COX-2 protein, and mRNA were measured in Gabonese children with and without malaria (n=129). Relativ...

NF-kappaB transcription factors regulate inflammatory responses to cytokines such as IL-1beta and TNF-alpha. We tested whether PGE2 regulated nuclear localization of individual NF-kappaB subunits, p65 and p50, in synovial fibroblasts harvested from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). IL-1beta/TNF-alpha stimulated the translocation of p65 and p50 from the cytosol to the nucleus of human RA ...

Both glucocorticoids and alveolar fluid distension affect the rate of fetal lung maturation, possibly representing a common cellular pathway. In an explant culture, there is a spontaneous increase in triglyceride incorporation into saturated phosphatidylcholine over time. This mechanism is stimulated by prostaglandin (PG) E2, blocked by both bumetanide and indomethacin, and overridden by exogen...

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) blocks mast-cell (MC)-dependent allergic responses in humans but activates MCs in vitro. We assessed the functions of the EP receptors for PGE2 on cultured human MCs (hMCs). hMCs expressed the EP3, EP2, and EP4 receptors. PGE2 stimulated the accumulation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), and suppressed both Fc epsilonRI-mediated eicosanoid production and tumor ne...

Rikko-san (RKS) and its ingredients were investigated for their activity to stimulate prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production by unstimulated and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated mouse macrophage-like Raw 264.7 cells. LPS significantly stimulated the production and extracellular secretion of PGE2 by Raw 264.7 cells. RKS dose-dependently modified the LPS-stimulated PGE2 production. A lower concent...

PGE2 produced in the periphery triggers the early phase of the febrile response to infection and may contribute to later phases. It can be hypothesized that peripherally synthesized PGE2 transmits febrigenic signals to the brain via vagal afferent nerves. Before testing this hypothesis, we investigated whether the febrigenic effect of intravenously administered PGE2 is mediated by the brain and...

In Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts bradykinin stimulated inositol phosphate (InsP) formation and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synthesis. The EC50 values for stimulation of PGE2 synthesis and InsP formation by bradykinin were similar, 200 pM and 275 pM, respectively. Guanosine-5'-[gamma-thio]triphosphate stimulated PGE2 synthesis and InsP formation, and guanosine-5'-[beta-thio]diphosphate inhibited both PGE2 s...