Firms increasingly face both opportunities and risks: on the positive side, they can exploit fastburgeoning markets in emerging economies and leverage low factor costs in these countries; on the negative side, they face mounting cost pressures due to intensi…ed competition and eroding price premium due to fast commoditization and shorter product life cycles. The new competitive landscape of the...

this paper focuses on the residential sector demand for electricity, natural gas and petroleum products (kerosene, gas oil and lpg) in iran in the context of a popular locally flexible functional forms - “the almost ideal demand system (aids)”. we pay explicit attention to the theoretical regularity conditions of positivity, monotonicity, and curvature. we treat the curvature property as a main...

Biodiesel are becoming popular as alternative eco-friendly fuel now days. The petroleum product requirement is going on increasing day by day in India with limited resources in the oil pool. Crisis of petroleum fuel and import of fossil fuel is giving a high impact on the economy and development. Besides the economy and development, fossil fuel also leads to a major problem like global warming ...

A recent strategy carried out by the aircraft industry to reduce the total cost of the new generation fighters has consisted in the development of a single airframe with different technical and operational specifications. This strategy has been designed to reduce costs in the Research, Design and Development phase with the ultimate objective of reducing the final unit price per aircraft. This i...

In estimating the cost-effectiveness of diagnostic procedures, it is helpful to treat diagnostic information as a commodity with a unit price. The amount of useful information provided by a test result can be measured in binary units (bits), and the unit price of the information produced by the test result can be expressed in dollars per bit in much the same way that the price of gold is given ...

List of Abbreviations CIIAPTER ONE General Introduction Pollution of Saudi Arabian soil with crude oil Chemistry and biodegradability of petroleum hydrocarbon Environmental fate of petroleum Factors influencing petroleum hydrocarbon biodegradation Distribution of petroleum-utilizing microorganisms in the environment Biological degradation of petroleum hydrocarbon Bacterial degradation of oil Fu...

There has been a dramatic growth in the production of biofuels in recent times. Global biofuel production tripled between 2000 and 2007, and biofuels accounted for about 1.6% of global transportation fuel in 2012 (International Energy Agency). At the time of this writing, 2015, ethanol production is by far the greatest contribution by biotechnology to energy production, with revenue accounting ...

This study evaluates the efficacy of green design principles such as the "12 Principles of Green Chemistry," and the "12 Principles of Green Engineering" with respect to environmental impacts found using life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. A case study of 12 polymers is presented, seven derived from petroleum, four derived from biological sources, and one derived from both. The environment...

Oil price could have long-lasting effects on any oil-exporting economy due to its dependence oil revenue. This present research probes the role of Price (OP) 22 categories manufacturing industries Saudi Arabia and growth total during 1990-2018 in nonlinear settings. To serve purpose, we utilize unit root test cointegration Shin et al. (2014) based modified bound statistics Kripfganz Schneider (...