Red-throated Caracaras Ibycter americanus (Falconidae) are specialist predators of social wasps in the Neotropics. It had been proposed that these caracaras possess chemical repellents that allow them to take the brood of wasp nests without being attacked by worker wasps. To determine how caracaras exploit nests of social wasps and whether chemical repellents facilitate predation, we: (1) video...

BACKGROUND Using special lotions and repellent sprays on skin is one of the effective methods to prevent Arthropods biting which was verified in this study. METHODS Essential oils of four plants (Satureja khuzestanica, Salvia sclarea, Lavendula officinalis and Myrtus communis) were separately extracted by Clevenger used hydro distillation method. Then separated solutions with 10%, 20% and 40%...

A potential strategy for controlling pests is through the use of "companion plants" within a crop system. This strategy has been used in several trials to fight against a major crop insect pest: the aphid. We reviewed the literature to highlight the major mechanisms by which a companion plant may act. Trials carried out under laboratory or field conditions revealed that companion plants operate...

BACKGROUND Horn flies are among the most important biting fly pests of cattle in the United States. Horn fly management is largely dependent upon pesticides, which ultimately leads to the rapid development of insecticide resistance. Alternative control strategies, including repellents, have shown promising results in reducing fly biting. In the present study, we examined the efficacy and longev...

Repellent use is one of the most effective personal protection measures in reducing bites of blood-sucking insects/ arthropods and preventing vectorborne disease transmission. Tmditionally. discovery of new repellents involves initial screening of thousands of candidates using various methods with very few successes. However. despite the obvious desirability of finding an effective mosquito rep...

Plant products have been put to use in a variety of contexts ever since ancient times. The development chemical goods, on the other hand, led decline employment these methods against pests. Recently, there has rise concerns over public health and environmental security, which requires identification natural compounds that potential be utilized insect Mosquitoes are major transmitters illnesses ...

This is one of a series of occasional articles on therapeutics for common or serious conditions, covering new drugs and old drugs with important new indications or concerns. The series advisers are Robin Ferner, honorary professor of clinical pharmacology, University of Birmingham and Birmingham City Hospital, and Albert Ferro, professor of cardiovascular clinical pharmacology, King’s College L...

This paper is intended to provide the clinician with the detailed and scientific information needed to advise patients who seek safe and effective ways of preventing mosquito bites. For this review, clinical and analytical data were selected from peer-reviewed research studies and review articles, case reports, entomology texts and journals, and government and industry publications. Relevant in...