abstract introduction: in this study the role of pge2 as an important inflammatory mediator in indomethacine and theophylline effects on joint diameter and vascular response of chronically inflamed rat knee joint to saphenous nerve stimulation was investigated. methods: inflammation was induced by intraarticular injection of 0.2 ml freund,s complete adjuvant (fca) and 3, 7, 14, 21 days post inj...

Neuromuscular-blocking agents (NMBA) have been used in clinical anesthesia for nearly 60 years. In the perioperative period, a variety of factors can influence a patient’s response to these drugs. To precisely titrate NMBAs to clinical effects in the anesthetized patient, the application of neuromuscular monitoring is essential. The use of a peripheral nerve stimulator allows the clinician to a...

Microelectrode recordings were taken from neurons of the mesencephalic nucleus of the fifth nerve (mes. V) and from the fifth motor nucleus of decerebrate dogfish ( Scyliorhnusand ) in response: to electrical stimulation of the peripheral branches of the trigeminal nerve; to electri­ cal excitation of the mes. V tract and in response to mechanical stimulation of the lower jaw. Responses were re...

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) can be delivered over a nerve trunk or muscle belly and can generate contractions by activating motor (peripheral pathway) and sensory (central pathway) axons. In the present experiments, we compared the peripheral and central contributions to plantar flexion contractions evoked by stimulation over the tibial nerve vs. the triceps surae muscles. Gener...

Abstract Mice are excellent model organisms to study human diseases as a handful of genetic tools available manipulate their genome simulate most diseases. Since the mice is similar that humans (only less than 10 among approximately 4,000 genes studied different), can be used tool molecular pathogenesis and develop novel therapeutic interventions. Although mouse models have been in developing b...

Objectives: The aim of this article is to explain the detailed methodology record Motor evoked potential (MEP) and somatosensory (SSEP) in adult albino Wistar rat, male (200–250 g) which has not been defined previously. Materials Methods: We have standardised recording both MEP SSEP these rats under anaesthesia on ADI digital polyrite system. Results: Evoked potentials widely studied spinal cor...

The past decade (1999-2009) has witnessed a dramatic increase in the use of electrical stimulation to treat chronic, intractable pain. The implantation of electrodes in close proximity to peripheral nerves, known as peripheral nerve stimulation, has been enthusiastically adopted by neurosurgeons and interventional pain specialists. The most common conditions treated with this technique are head...

BACKGROUND Facial pain occurring after traumatic injury of the facial branches of the trigeminal nerve is a medical condition that is often very difficult to treat. Patients are quite disabled by their symptoms and most therapies are ineffective in relieving this pain. Peripheral nerve stimulation has been used as a treatment to provide pain relief for this type of intractable atypical facial p...