Background Immune checkpoint inhibitors are reported to be effective in patients with brain metastases. However, detailed characteristics of the brain metastasis immune microenvironment remain unexplored. Results The median tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) category in brain metastases was 5% (1-70%). In 46 pair-matched samples, the percentages of TILs were significantly higher in primary b...

Targeted therapy with reduced side effects is a major goal in cancer research. We investigated the effects of JS-K, a nitric oxide (NO) prodrug designed to release high levels of NO when suitably activated, on human breast cancer cell lines, on non-transformed human MCF-10A mammary cells, and on normal human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs). Cell viability assay, flow cytometry, electron micros...

This little book is a supplement to the author's Nutrition of the Infant, published a couple of years ago, and is a series of clinical reports on infants treated in the Infants' Hospital. The object of the author is to show that slight variations in the percentages of the food stuffs make all the difference in the success or failure of infant feeding, especially in the marasmic, rachitic or oth...

The following investigations were undertaken in order to find the cause of the variation in the breast-feeding rate which, in a previous paper (Robinson, 1939), was shown to occur from year to year. The breast-feeding rate for 1937 was reassessed monthly according to the date on which the babies were born. Table 1 shows that the swing is still present and has no relation to the seasons of the y...

In breast cancer radiotherapy, the internal mammary lymphatic chain is treated in the target volume in a group of patients with high risk criteria. There are a number of different techniques in breast radiotherapy because of the variability of the anatomic region, structures and risk criteria in the irradiation field. When irradiating the target volume we also consider homogeneity of dose distr...

OBJECTIVE To assess the perspective of Saudi women in the Makkah region on breast cancer awareness and early detection. MATERIALS AND METHODS A mixed method study was conducted among 25-65 years old healthy Saudi females from Makkah region during the awareness campaign in October 2014. The participants were recruited by personal invitations at the women's places of work and social gatherings....

AIM To investigate whether low docosahexaenoic acid (22:6omega3; DHA) status of malnourished, mostly breast fed infants is a result of low omega3 fatty acid intake via breast milk. METHODS Fatty acid composition of breast milk of eight Pakistani mothers, and of the erythrocytes of their malnourished children was analysed. RESULTS The milk of the Pakistani mothers contained low percentages o...

Background The interaction between inherited mutated genes and environmental factors is believed to play a crucial role in cancer development. The main aim was to identify lifestyle-related risk factors for breast cancer among Jordanian women. Methods A hospital-based multicenter case-control study was conducted in Jordan in 2016. Overall, 405 cases and 418 controls, in 3 large hospitals wher...

CA 549, a new marker for breast cancer, was measured in serum of 719 patients by an immunoradiometric assay involving two monoclonal antibodies: BC4E 549, developed against a breast-tumor cell line, and BC4N 154, developed against milk fat-globule membrane. The reference interval for healthy women was 0-11 kilo-units/L. The percentages of patients with CA 549 greater than 11 kilo-units/L for be...

PURPOSE Associations between population-based screening, breast carcinoma detection modes and breast carcinoma death have not been studied using nationwide data at individual level. We evaluated these in Finland, where invitational age is gradually expanding from 50-59 to 50-69 years in 2008-2017. We also predicted breast carcinoma patterns in 2020 to assess the impact of changing invitational ...