The aminoglycoside antibiotics, particularly gentamicin, are increasingly widely used and frequently in patients with impaired renal function. All these drugs are potentially ototoxic and measurement of blood levels is often desirable but may be complicated by the presence of a second drug, most commonly a penicillin or cephalosporin. Assays of streptomycin in the presence of penicillin have be...

The discovery of penicillinase-resistant penicillins is an important landmark in the history of antibacterial chemotherapy. Methicillin came into clinical use in 1960, and its value in the treatment of penicillin-resistant staphylococcal infection is now well established. The same is true of the isoxazolyl penicillins, oxacillin and cloxacillin, which came on to the scenes about a year later. N...

Two essentially isogenic strains of Escherichia coli K-12 were compared: D31 had chromosomally and D1-R1 episomally mediated resistance to ampicillin. The two strains had the same ability to form colonies on ampicillin plates, but in other tests they were quite different. In serial dilution tests as well as in exponentially growing cultures, D1-R1 was far more resistant to ampicillin than was D...

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