Joseph Wang, Beth Vogt, Sidharth Kumar Sethi, Matthew G. Sampson, Virginia Vega-Warner, Edgar A. Otto and Rupesh Raina Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Erie, Pennsylvania, USA; Pediatric Nephrology, Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital at Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Pediatric Nephrology, Kidney Institute, Medanta, The Medicity, Gurgaon, Haryana, India, 122...

Introduction: Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is the most common esophageal disorder, which occurs at all ages. GER is defined as the passage of gastric contents into the esophagus. GER disease (GERD), which is a long-term complication, is a common pediatric problem. Clinical manifestations of GERD in infants include regurgitation, irritability, choking, gagging, vomiting, poor weight gain, and r...

Examining the young child who presents to the emergency department with a visual or ocular complaint can be a challenge. This article discusses basic concepts of visual and behavioral development and methods for an accurate ocular examination in young children. Topics reviewed include conjunctivitis, orbital and periorbital cellulitis, lacrimal system infections, congenital issues, misalignment...

Methods Setting: Pediatric Emergency Department (ED) of a Community hospital with around 10500 ED visits annually. The hospital conducts DNB Pediatrics, MCEM and BSc Accident & Emergency Technology Courses. Participants: 784 Children with accidental injuries between 0 and 18 years of age who attended ED in a 10-month period from January 2013 to October 2013. Design: Retrospective observational ...

See related article, p 1198. Diagnosis of pediatric stroke is often delayed, which has ramifications for the eligibility of children for hyperacute treatments such as thrombolysis and endovascular recanalization. Delayed pediatric stroke diagnosis occurs across developed countries, and delays occur at multiple stages of the prehospital, emergency room, and hospital course. In a Canadian cohort,...

Epinephrine, first isolated around 1900, is the main sympathomimetic agent released by the adrenal gland. It plays an integral role in the treatment of several diseases in the emergency department. It effects on alpha and beta adrenergic receptors. In lower doses, it usually causes systemic and pulmonary vasodilatation, with some increase in heart rate and stroke volume. A high dose causes inte...

Pediatric patients cared for in emergency departments (EDs) are at high risk of medication errors for a variety of reasons. A multidisciplinary panel was convened by the Emergency Medical Services for Children program and the American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Pediatric Emergency Medicine to initiate a discussion on medication safety in the ED. Top opportunities identified to improve m...

Pediatric syncope is a common presentation in the emergency department. Most causes are benign, but an evaluation must exclude rare life-threatening disorders. The lack of objective findings can pose a challenge. This case-based review emphasizes the importance of a detailed history and physical examination with electrocardiogram in determining high-risk patients.

OBJECTIVE To describe patients who present to the pediatric emergency department (PED) and are subsequently diagnosed with pulmonary embolism (PE). METHODS Electronic medical records from 2003 to 2011 of a tertiary care pediatric health care system was retrospectively reviewed to identify patients <21 years who had a final International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision diagnosis of ...