Many fish change gait within their aerobically supported range of swimming speeds. The effects of acute temperature change on this type of locomotor behavior are poorly understood. Bluegill sunfish swim in the labriform mode at low speeds and switch to undulatory swimming as their swimming speed increases. Maximum aerobic swimming speed (U(max)), labriform-undulatory gait transition speed (U(tr...

Results A consultant non cardiac thoracic surgeon managed 146 patients with DSWI and /or dehiscence. Nine patients were excluded due to sternal dehiscence with no evidence of gross infection and also negative wound culture. Eighty four patients were female. According to El Oakley classification, Type I, II, III, IV, V were 8, 2, 79,5,43, consequently. All patients evaluated by CT scan before in...

Depression of the hyoid apparatus plays a crucial role in generating suction, especially in fishes with a dorso-ventrally flattened head shape. It is generally assumed that shortening of the sternohyoideus muscle, which connects the hyoid to the pectoral girdle, contributes to hyoid depression. However, a recent study on the clariid catfish Clarias gariepinus has shown that this muscle does not...

Leonardo Da Vinci and Andreas Vesalius were two important renaissance persons; Vesalius was a surgeon-anatomist who delivered innovative work on the study of the human body, Leonardo da Vinci was an artist who delivered strikingly accurate and beautiful drawings on the human body. Below we compare both masters with regard to their knowledge of the working of the muscles, their method and system...

The growth of poultry production has led to an increase in the incidence internal defects chicken and turkey broilers, such as Deep Pectoral Myopathy (DPM). DPM is ischemic hemorrhage or necrosis caused by inadequate blood supply Pectoralis minor major muscles. Currently, visual appearance only parameter used categorize damage level. aim this research was develop a scientific methodology determ...

The size of the pectoral muscle is an important component body condition in birds and has been linked to indices fitness migratory performance. Bauchinger et al. (2011. Journal Ornithology 152: 507–514) developed, calibrated, validated aluminum “muscle meter” device that estimates muscles noninvasively. To make this tool more widely available, we created a CAD model from 3D‐scan data meter can ...

the aim of the present study was to determine the relationship between histopathological lesions and tissue enzymes in chickens affected by marek's disease.five apparently healthy chickens(as control group)and 25 chickens affected by marek's disease were selected. after consideration of history and gross lesions, tissue samples were collected from kidney, liver, heart, ovary, pectoral...