BACKGROUND The evaluation of pain intensity during the immediate postoperative period is a key factor for pain management. However, this evaluation may be difficult in some circumstances. The pupillary dilatation reflex (PDR) has been successfully used to assess the analgesic component of a balanced anesthetic regimen. We hypothesized that PDR could be a reliable index of pain intensity and cou...

PURPOSE To investigate the effect of bevacizumab (Avastin; Genentech, San Francisco, CA, USA) on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and inflammation in fibrovascular membranes in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). MATERIALS AND METHODS Fibrovascular membranes from 19 eyes of 18 patients with PDR were studied using immunohistochemistry and analyzed in the...

P lacenta growth factor (PlGF) is a close homolog of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), shares receptors with VEGF, and stimulates angiogenesis (1). Intravitreous PlGF levels are elevated in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) (2), but the relationship between PlGF levels and VEGF levels or clinical activity remains unclear. We attempted to ascertain whether intravitreous PlGF leve...

INTRODUCTION Pre-treatment HIV drug resistance (PDR) is an increasing problem in sub-Saharan Africa. Children are an especially vulnerable population to develop PDR given that paediatric second-line treatment options are limited. Although monitoring of PDR is important, data on the paediatric prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa and its consequences for treatment outcomes are scarce. We designed a ...

PURPOSE Various protein contents such as enzymes, growth factors, and structural components are responsible for biological activities in organs. We have created a map of vitreous proteins and developed a proteome analysis of human vitreous samples to understand the underlying molecular mechanism and to provide clues to new therapeutic approaches in eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (...

OBJECTIVE Formation of epiretinal membranes (ERMs) in the posterior fundus results in progressive deterioration of vision. ERMs have been associated with numerous clinical conditions, including proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), but its pathogenic mechanisms are still unknown. This study was conducted to determine whether neurotrophic factor receptors (tyrosine kinase receptors trkA, trk...

PURPOSE To investigate the advantages of ultrawide-field fluorescein angiography (FA) over the standard fundus examination in the evaluation of diabetic retinopathy (DR). METHODS Ultrawide-field FAs were obtained in 118 eyes of 59 diabetic patients; 11 eyes with no DR, 71 eyes with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), and 36 eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), diagnos...

Many studies have evaluated trauma care in hospitals and systems using a "Preventable Death Rate" (PDR), consisting of the number of deaths judged preventable by some person or committee on the basis of autopsy or chart review divided by the total number of deaths during the same time period.1-3 This quantity may have some value if the denominator is understood to be a proxy for the total numbe...

OBJECTIVE We investigated whether proliferative diabetic retinopathy in type 1 diabetic patients can be generalized to cerebral small vessel disease and whether it is associated with impaired peripheral microvascular function. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Thirty-three patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR+), 34 patients without proliferative diabetic retinopathy, and 33 controls ...

Human hepatocyte GF (hHGF) has strong neoangiogenesis activity. The present study was designed to investigate the possible involvement of hHGF in neovascularization in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) by measuring vitreous hHGF concentrations. The mean vitreous hHGF concentration was higher in subjects with PDR (5.70 +/- 0.68 ng/mL, n = 33) than in nondiabetic control subjects (1.50 +/-...