1Department of Immunology, Waiter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C. 20307-5100; 2Tropical Disease Unit, Division of Infectious Diseases, The Toronto Hospital and The University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4 In vitro transcription and translation are powerful tools for examining the s t ructure-funct ion relationships of proteins. Genes can be cloned into plasmid v...

We present a protocol for effi cient amplifi cation of a large number of DNA targets using a single-tube polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based on PCR suppression. This method allows amplifi cation of each DNA target with only one target-specifi c primer whereas the other primer is common for all targets. Thus, this approach requires n+1 primers for n targets instead of 2n in conventional PCR an...

هدف: هدف این مطالعه بررسی ارتباط بین ادراک در پاسخگویی، مسئولیت‌پذیری و شفافیت با اعتماد عمومی میانجی‌گری اثربخشی درک شده از حکومت الکترونیکی مدیریت دولتی می‌باشد. طراحی/ روش‌شناسی/ رویکرد: پژوهش حاضر استفاده یک میدانی مقطعی کمی صورت پذیرفته است. داده‌های اولیه سطوح جـامـعه آماری مربوط به 23 دفتر فعال خدمات انتظامی (پلیس10 +) سطح استان گیلان بوده حجم نمونه 392 نفر مراجعه‌کنندگان دفاتر خدماتی می...

I n the last few years, molecular hybridization methods have been used extensively in basic and applied virology because of their technical flexibility and high specificity. Using these techniques, the detection of DNA and RNA viruses directly from clinical specimens, the analysis of the specific transcriptional activity of viral genes in vitro and in vivo, and the study of virus-host relations...

The respiratory pattern generator modulates the sympathetic outflow, the strength of which is enhanced by challenges produced by hypoxia. This coupling is due to the respiratory-modulated presympathetic neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), but the underlining electrophysiological mechanisms remain unclear. For a better understanding of the neural substrates responsible for gener...