objective(s): it has been reported that the mutation of the pre-core (pc) and basal-core promoter (bcp) may play an important role in the development of hbv-related hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc). in this study the pc and bcp mutations were investigated in chronic hbv patients. materials and methods:in this study, 120 chronic hbv patients from golestan, northeast of iran who were not vaccinated...

Development of electronic technologies for precise identification fruit crop cultivars in agricultural production provides an effective means assuring product quality and authentication. The capabilities discriminating between grape (Vitis vinifera L.) is essential certification varieties sold world markets. Machine olfaction, based on electronic-nose (e-nose) technologies, readily available ra...