UNLABELLED Amino acid substitutions were introduced into avian influenza virus PB1 in order to characterize the interaction between polymerase activity and pathogenicity. Previously, we used recombinant viruses containing the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes from the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) H5N1 strain and other internal genes from two low-pathogenicity av...

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes may differ in pathogenicity. However, the interplay between different virus characteristics such as genotypes, mutants and virus loads has not been well studied . We investigated the association between HBV genotype, presence of 1896 precore mutation and HBV viral loads in patients with HBV-related liver disease. METHODS One hundred and ...

We analyzed the genetic diversity of Cylindrocarpon destructans isolates obtained from Korean ginseng (i.e., Panax ginseng) roots by performing virulence tests and nuclear ribosomal gene internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and mitochondrial small subunit (mt SSU) rDNA sequence analysis. The phylogenetic relationship analysis performed using ITS DNA sequences and isolates from other hosts helped c...

Basic science continues to occupy a substantial portion of the program at the Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. At the 17th conference this year, presentations focused on advances in our understanding of cellular factors that regulate the interplay between the virus and the host cell and, in particular, cellular defenses such as tetherin (or BST-2) that antagonize viral r...

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was isolated and identified for the first time from a flock of Japanese quail suspected to ND in Iran. Birds of the flock aged variously, and some of them died from the disease. Loss of appetite, weakness and decrease in egg production, diarrhea and nervous symptoms were the main clinical signs in the birds. Hemorrhagic lesions of the intestinal tracts and proventr...

conclusions the results of this study suggest that e. hebecarpa extracts can be used to inhibit the planktonic and biofilm forms of these selected bacteria. objectives in an effort to combat these industrial and medical bacterial biofilm problems, our study aims to determine the antimicrobial effect of euphorbia hebecarpa. materials and methods the inhibition efficiency of alcoholic extracts on...

The role of the fungal community, mycobiota, in health vagina is currently an important area research. emergence new sequencing technologies and advances bioinformatics made possible discovery novel fungi inhabiting this niche. Candida spp. constitutes most group opportunistic pathogenic fungi, being prevalent species vulvovaginal infections. However, such as Rhodotorula spp., Naganishia Malass...

Antiphospholipid antibodies represent a heterogeneous group of autoantibodies directed against anionic phospholipids (PLs) usually linked to protein cofactors. Their presence during the antiphospholipid syndrome is associated with risks of thrombosis and fetal losses. Among 5 randomly selected monoclonal antiphospholipid antibodies, all originating from a single patient suffering from this auto...

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was isolated from a field outbreak in pigeons. The virus was characterized by haemagglutination test (HA) and confirmed by haemagglutination inhibition test (HAI). The pathotyping was done by mean death time (MDT), intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI) and intravenous pathogenicity index (IVPI). The ELD50 of the velogenic strain was 10/0.1 ml. Thirty-nine pigeon...