The propensity interpretation of fitness (PIF) is commonly taken to be subject to a set of simple counterexamples. We argue that three of the most important of these are not counterexamples to the PIF itself, but only to the traditional mathematical model of this propensity: fitness as expected number of offspring. They fail to demonstrate that a new mathematical model of the PIF could not succ...

We show that any subgraph of the hypercube Qn of average degree d contains a geodesic of length d, where by geodesic we mean a shortest path in Qn. This result, which is best possible, strengthens a theorem of Feder and Subi. It is also related to the ‘antipodal colourings’ conjecture of Norine.

This paper develops a preferential attachment based mixture model of global Internet bandwidth and investigates it in the context of observed bandwidth distributions between 2002 and 2011. Our longitudinal analysis shows, among other things, that the bandwidth share distributions – and thus bandwidth differences – exhibit considerable path dependence where country proportions of international b...

The following paper aims at describing how path dependent hierarchical organizations are affected by a changing environment. The results of the latest research in this field (Petermann et al. 2012) analyzed path dependency of norms and institutions in different kinds of hierarchical organizations and the impact of leadership within this process. The results were produces for stable environments...

This paper studies the behavior of ants when moving in an artificial network composed of several interconnected paths linking their nest to a food source. The ant responses when temporarily blocking the access to some branches of the maze were observed in order to study which factors influenced their local decisions about the paths to follow. We present a mathematical model based on experimenta...

This paper describes an improved model for multiple building diffraction modeling based on the uniform theory of diffraction (UTD). A well-known problem in conventional uniform theory of diffraction (CUTD) is multiple-edge transition zone diffraction. Here, higher order diffracted fields are used in order to improve the result; hence, we use higher order diffraction coefficients to improve a hy...

This contribution proposes a method to make agents in a microscopic simulation of pedestrian traffic walk approximately along a path of estimated minimal remaining travel time to their destination. Usually models of pedestrian dynamics are (implicitly) built on the assumption that pedestrians walk along the shortest path. Model elements formulated to make pedestrians locally avoid collisions an...