We compare three different views on the long run efficiencies of emission taxes which include thresholds (inframarginal exemptions), and of tradeable emission permits where some permits are initially free. The differences are caused by different assumptions about whether thresholds and free permits should be subsidies given only to firms that produce, or full property rights. Treating tax thres...

This paper examines the impact of a rise in the Value Added Tax (VAT) on poverty and inequality in Lebanon. To this end, the paper develops an empirical model based on consumer demand theory and uses only household survey data on expenditures and spatial price indexes. The simulation results using an Almost Ideal Demand System show that the projected VAT rate increases will have a limi...

The continuing debate on a new urban agenda in Canada has largely focused on the striking imbalance between the revenue sources and service responsibilities of cities and other local municipalities. Newspaper stories and images abound of decaying infrastructure, under-funded transit, housing shortages, rising deficits, and concentrated poverty. The recent Speech from the Throne of the new feder...

This paper studies the cross-base tax elasticity of capital gains realizations to labor income taxes when capital gains are taxed at a separate proportional tax rate. Using a longitudinal panel of over 265,000 individuals in Sweden, this paper shows in a regression kink design that labor income taxes affect capital gains at the extensive and intensive margins. An increase in the marginal labor ...

We examine the economic impacts of using revenues from environmental taxation to reduce a pre-existing distortionary tax in multisector economy where regulation and apply heterogeneously across polluting sectors. With numerical framework including detailed sectoral disaggregation, we quantify these specific case European Union carbon pricing coexists with electricity levies employed support ren...

The neglect of administrative issues is a serious limitation of optimal tax theory, with implications for its practical applicability. We focus on an important class of administrative problems, namely that the tax bases are measured with some error. We also consider the full set of tax instruments. We find that consumption taxes can perform the ‘social insurance role of taxation’, a role previo...

Chapter Outline Designing Broad-Based Taxes: The Economic Objectives 171 Ability to Pay: Theoretical Considerations 173 Two Preliminary Considerations 173 Horizontal Equity 174 From Horizontal Equity to the Ideal Tax Base 174 The Three Principles of Tax Design 174 People Bear the Tax Burden 174 Individuals Sacrifice Utility 174 The Ideal Tax Base as the Best Surrogate Measure of Utility 175 Hai...

The paper is devoted to the study of legal mechanisms impact international organizations and foreign states on economies unfriendly states, including sanctions, their nature consequences application. In addition, analyzes instruments for countering restrictions, such as tax exemptions, norms Russian legislation precious metals, legislation, in particular Constitutional Act Canada, Excise Taxes,...

Proposals to substantially reduce or eliminate the state income tax and replace the lost revenue through a higher sales tax rate, an expanded sales tax base, or some combination of the two, are being considered in a dozen states, specifically Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Kansas, Louisiana, Missouri, Nebraska, New Jersey, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon and South Carolina (Hamilton 2012). While no state has f...