The electrical output performance of photovoltaic (PV) modules are sensitive to temperature variations and the intensity solar irradiance under prolonged exposure. Only 20% is converted into useful electricity, remaining dissipated as heat which in turns increases module operating temperature. increase has an adverse impact on open-circuit voltage (Voc), results power conversion efficiency redu...

Heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) are parts of the major energy consumption in a building. Conventional heating and cooling systems are having an impact on carbon dioxide emissions, as well as on security of energy supply. In this regard, one of the attempts taken by researchers is the development of solar heating and cooling technologies. The objective of this paper is to revie...

The performance of the conventional engine-cooling system has always been constrained by the passive nature of the system and the need to provide the required heat-rejection capability at high-power conditions. This leads to considerable losses in the cooling system at part-load conditions where vehicles operate most of the time. A set of design and operating features from advanced enginecoolin...

.................................................................................................vii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION..........................................................................1 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW.................................................................3 2.1. Stallion Spermatozoa........................................................................3 2.1...

In this paper, we present what was learned in the research & design process of a decentralized ventilation system with chilled ceilings for a commercial office in Singapore. We make two key observations from the knowledge gathered. First, we observe, in quantitative terms, that present-day radiant cooling panel products may not provide sufficient sensible cooling capacity for commercial offices...

Introduction Many industries are calling for electronics that can operate reliably in harsh environments, including extremely high temperatures. Traditionally, engineers had to rely on active or passive cooling when designing electronics that must function outside of normal temperature ranges, but in some applications, cooling may not be possible—or it may be more appealing for the electronics ...

This report provides a summary of research conducted through a grant provided by the Workplace Safety Insurance Board of Ontario. The research was divided into two phases; first, to define safe work limits for firefighters wearing their protective clothing and working in warm environments; and, the second, to examine strategies to reduce the thermal burden and extend the operational effectivene...

Cryogen spray cooling (CSC) protects the epidermal layer during dermatologic laser surgery (DLS) of superficial vascular lesions. Because of spray characteristics the protection provided radially is relatively uniform only by the spray axis. The present work explores mass-deposition passive-control during CSC in order to increase the radial homogeneity of heat extraction. A stainless steel mesh...