DFT calculations have been performed for all isomeric chlorofluoroethenes. The relative stabilities of different isomers have been calculated and compared with experimental enthalpies of formation. The DFT method, which uses the non-local density approximation (NLDA) and Becke-Lee-Yang-Parr functional, has been found to be a fairly reliable method for predicting relative thermodynamic stabilities.

Photo 1: Juvenile Chinook salmon, or parr, caught during a fish survey. credit: Richard Carmichael 2: Electrofishing stream in Idaho (Bear Valley Creek) order to estimate parr abundance. surveys were done with either mark–recapture depletion design. Biomark 3: Habitat sampling crews measuring habitat as part of the Columbia Monitoring Program, including topographic survey (top panel) and water ...

A number of studies on the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), have reported changes in plasma GH during parr-smolt transformation, but there is a lack of information about the endocrinology of the GH system during this process. In order to elucidate the mechanisms underlying these changes in plasma GH levels during the parr-smolt transformation of Atlantic salmon, GH mRNA expression in the pituitar...

Continuous-flow toxicity tests were conducted to determine the relative tolerances of newly hatched alevins, swim-up alevins, parr, and smolts of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and steelhead (Salmo gairdneri) to cadmium, copper, and zinc. Newly hatched alevins were much more tolerant to cadmium and, to a lesser extent, to zinc than were later juvenile forms. However, the later progre...

The electric quadrupole, hexadecapole moments, energy (kJmol -1) for some armchair polyhex carbon nanotubes TUVC6[2p,q] are performed by Beck-Lee-Yang-Parr [B3LYP] on 3-21G basis set using the standard procedure indices GAUSSIAN 98, then the Padmakar-Ivan (PI) index of TUVC6[2p,q] nanotubes in the terms of their circumference (2p) and lengh (q) is calculated and the relationships between the Pa...

A weakness of classical methods for solving Markov decision processes is that they scale very poorly because of the flat state space, which subjects them to the curse of dimensionality. Fortunately, many MDPs are well-structured, which makes it possible to avoid enumerating the state space. To this end, factored MDP representations have been proposed (Boutilier, Dearden, & Goldszmidt 1995; Koll...