although there are studies on pragmatic assessment, to date, literature has been almost silent about native and non-native english raters’ criteria for the assessment of efl learners’ pragmatic performance. focusing on this topic, this study pursued four purposes. the first one was to find criteria for rating the speech acts of apology and refusal in l2 by native and non-native english teachers...

the construct of self-efficacy has received increasing attention in research over the past two decades. many studies have been carried out 1.3 significance of the study this study has pedagogical implications since improving students’ self- efficacy and autonomy is important for promoting actual performance on classroom academic tasks. in academic settings, it has been shown that self-effi...

as polysemy is encountered frequently in english as foreign language. fl learners’ ability to disambiguate polysemous verbs becomes critical to their comprehension in the target language. this thesis, accordingly, investigated how iranian efl learners achieved comprehension of english polysemous verbs by using three different types of cues: (1) elaborated context, (2) semantic frames, and (...

fuzzy logic has been developed over the past three decades into a widely applied techinque in classification and control engineering. today fuzzy logic control is one of the most important applications of fuzzy set theory and specially fuzzy logic. there are two general approachs for using of fuzzy control, software and hardware. integrated circuits as a solution for hardware realization are us...

wireless sensor networks (wsns) are one of the most interesting consequences of innovations in different areas of technology including wireless and mobile communications, networking, and sensor design. these networks are considered as a class of wireless networks which are constructed by a set of sensors. a large number of applications have been proposed for wsns. besides having numerous applic...

چکیده: یکی از دوره های مهم تاریخی ایران به لحاظ تأمین استقلال ملی مذهبی و حتی تأثیر آن بر فرهنگ و مذهب ایرانیان، دوره صفویه است. رسمیت دادن و رواج مذهب شیعه توسط شاه اسماعیل اول، یکی از مهمترین اقدامات این دولت محسوب می شود. بنابراین برای اجرای این سیاست، وی منصب صدارت را به عنوان منصبی مذهبی- حکو متی ایجاد کرد .این منصب از دوره ی تیموریان ایجاد شده بود ولی در اواخر این دوره اهمیت بیشتری یافت...

in the area of vocabulary teaching and learning although much research has been done, only some of it has led to effective techniques of vocabulary teaching and many language learners still have problem learning vocabulary. the urge behind this study was to investigate three methods of teaching words. the first one was teaching words in context based on a traditional method of teaching that is,...

Background and purpose: Cerebral palsy is a common disorder in children leading to their dysfunction in many aspects. Therefore, to provide appropriate treatment plan that could improve the function of these children, a valid assessment tool is needed. Pediatric Evaluation Disability Inventory (PEDI) is designed to evaluate the performance of children with disabilities in three dimensions: self...