Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) syndrome is a rare hereditary cancer disorder characterized by tumors of the parathyroids, of the neuroendocrine cells, of the gastro-entero-pancreatic tract, of the anterior pituitary, and by non-endocrine neoplasms and lesions. MEN1 gene, a tumor suppressor gene, encodes menin protein. Loss of heterozygosity at 11q13 is typical of MEN1 tumors, in agr...

IntroductIon Ectopically located hyperfunctioning parathyroid gland(s) are responsible for approximately 6–16% of hyperparathyroidism cases, in which about 6% can be ascribed to ectopic growth in the mediastinal site.[1] Treatment of ectopic adenomas usually requires resection. There are various techniques to resect ectopic parathyroid glands, which are mainly depended on the ectopic gland’s lo...

Lipoadenoma of parathyroid gland is an unusual morphologic variant of parathyroid adenoma in which the glandular elements are associated with abundant mature adipose tissue. The lesion has also been reported as parathyroid lipohyperplasia, parathyroid hamartoma, and parathyroid adenoma with myxoid stroma. Most cases are functioning and are associated with hyperparathyroidism. Lipoadenoma of par...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of DNA flow cytometry to determine tumor nuclear DNA index (DI), and nucleolar organizer region protein counts visualized by the argyrophil (AgNOR) technique, in confirming diagnosis and predicting clinical outcome of patients with parathyroid carcinoma (PC). We reviewed paraffin-embedded tissue sections, from 15 patients (median age 63 years...

Calcium homeostasis is a tightly regulated process involving the co-ordinated efforts of the skeleton, kidney, parathyroid glands and intestine. Neoplasms can alter this homeostasis indirectly through the production of endocrine factors resulting in humoral hypercalcaemia of malignancy. Relatively common with breast and lung cancer, this paraneoplastic condition is most often due to tumour prod...

a 54 years old female with history of total thyroidectomy for papillary carcinoma, treated with loomci of iodine-131 and negative whole body scans was referred for follow up study. tl-201 scan revealed an area of radiotracer uptake in the neck region, suggestive of a parathyroid adenoma versus recurrence of thyroid carcinoma. the patient was operated, the parathyroid adenoma was removed. in thi...

concomitant papillary thyroid cancer and parathyroid adenoma is rare. we report a 55 years old female with papillary cancer admitted for surgery. preoperative laboratory findings revealed hypercalcemia and then primary hyperparathyroidism. thyroidectomy, neck dissection and excision of parathyroid adenoma were performed. histological examination revealed parathyroid adenoma. serum calcium retur...

We report a 52-year-old woman who was noted to have elevated alkaline phosphatase (ALP), hypercalcemia (Ca: 11.7 mg/dL), and intact parathyroid hormone (intact PTH: 643.1 pg/mL), and then referred to our hospital with suspected hyperparathyroidism. Ultrasound examination of the neck and magnetic resonance imaging showed a mass region in the posterior aspect of the left lobe of the thyroid, and ...

Parathyroid carcinoma is an extremely rare malignant endocrine neoplasm that is very challenging in its diagnosis as well as its treatment. Clinically the disease is detected earlier in patients who present with hyperparathyroidism with signs of profound hypercalcemia. Differentiation between benign and malignant disease of the parathyroid is challenging both for the clinician and for the patho...

A 34 year old woman with malaise, polyuria and nocturia as well as nausea and vomiting referred to perform a thyroid scan due to right thyroid lobe mass. The scan showed a cold nodule in the right thyroid lobe. Serum calcium of 16.9, serum phosphorus of 1.8 and PTH of 1156 were noticed in laboratory tests. Parathyroid scan with 99mTc-MIBI showed no abnormal tracer activity in the nec...