background: the present study was conducted to investigate the optimized timing for macrophages induction and nitric oxide (no) production against invading leishmania parasite. methods: the present study examined the murine macrophage cell line, b10r, in three different states. in the first state, the cells were first infected with l. major and then treated with ifn-g and lps as stimulants. in ...

In many countries, Leishmania/HIV co-infection is now changing the epidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis. The levels of transmission of the parasites causing such leishmaniasis were previously dependent on the conventional zoonotic cycle, in which sandflies transmitted the parasites from infected canids to other canids or humans. The co-infection, however, has led not only to marked increases ...

Stool specimens of 1238 workers in western region of Saudi Arabia were examined for infection with intestinal parasites and for fecal occult blood (FOB) to investigate the possibility that enteroparasites correlate to occult intestinal bleeding. Direct smears and formal ether techniques were used for detection of diagnostic stages of intestinal parasites. A commercially available guaiac test wa...

background: parasitic intestinal infections are still among socioeconomic prob­lems in the world, especially in developing countries like iran. food-handlers that directly deal with production and distribution of foods between societies are one of the most important sources to transmit parasitic infections to humans. the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitic ...

It was found that with mixed malaria infections in the same experimental animal sulfanilamide eradicates a virulent P. knowlesi infection, leaving the animal with a milder chronic P. inui infection. Determinations of the metabolic activity of the two parasites in vitro showed that P. knowlesi consumed approximately six times more oxygen than P. inui. The addition of sulfanilamide in concentrati...

The prevalence of intestinal and urinary parasites in Maiduguri prisons was investigated; stool and urine samples were collected from the inmates and examined microscopically for parasites’ ova, cyst and larvae. 201 (198 male and 3 female) inmates were examined. Of the 66 (32.84%) parasites detected, male inmates had the highest prevalence (32.84%) while the female had none (0.00%). The most pa...

Interactions between insect hosts and their parasites are significant because their parasites can also be parasites of humans and of species that we utilize. Host-parasite interactions are complex, even in insects, and there can be heterogeneous outcomes in infection success, load, virulence and transmission, with consequences for the evolution of hosts and their parasites, and also for epidemi...

Individuals are often co-infected with several parasite species, yet the consequences of drug treatment on the dynamics of parasite communities in wild populations have rarely been measured. Here, we experimentally reduced nematode infection in a wild mouse population and measured the effects on other non-target parasites. A single oral dose of the anthelmintic, ivermectin, significantly reduce...

Abstract Surveillance for soil-transmitted helminths, strongyloidiasis, cryptosporidiosis, and giardiasis was conducted in Mississippi, USA. PCR performed on 224 fecal samples all helminths 370 only Necator americanus Strongyloides stercoralis identified 1 S. infection. Seroprevalences were 8.8% Toxocara, 27.4% Cryptosporidium, 5.7% Giardia, 0.2% parasites.