despite providing robustness, high-gain observers impose a peaking phenomenon, which may cause instability, on the system states. in this paper, an adaptive saturation is proposed to attenuate the undesirable mentioned phenomenon in high-gain observers. a real-valued and differentiable sigmoid function is considered as the saturating element whose parameters (height and slope) are adaptively tu...

Using first-principles calculations and angle-resolved photoemission, we show that the spin-orbit interaction leads to a strong splitting of the surface-state bands on low-index surfaces of Bi. The dispersion of the states and the corresponding Fermi surfaces are profoundly modified in the whole surface Brillouin zone. We discuss the implications of these findings with respect to a proposed sur...

We apply our tight-binding (TB) methodology to the sp metals Al, Ga and In, all of which have distinctive ground states. The results show that this approach works as well for such elements as it does for transition metals. Bulk properties such as lattice constants, bulk moduli and elastic constants were found to be consistent with experiments. We emphasize that our method successfully predicts ...

Graphite oxide constitutes carbon network with oxygen atoms both on hexagonal arrangement and the edge sites. Structural and electronic properties for graphite-oxygen complexes have been explored using first-principles total-energy calculations within the local density approximation (LDA). Band structures and density of states for the propose carbon 3D models are reported. A finite energy gap and...

Tropospheric scintillation is caused by variations of refractive index due to turbulence. The only meteorological input parameter for two common current scintillation models by Karasawa et al. and by ITU-R is the monthly average of wet part of refractivity Nwet at ground level, which is not directly associated with turbulence. The diurnal correlation betweenNwet and scintillation variance is ve...

In this paper the main objective is to quantify and compare the instantaneous value of heart rate for normal breathing patterns during Meditation and Non Meditation conditions. This paper involves Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) technique for the analysis of the heart rate variability patterns during the meditative and non meditative states. The analysis is divided into three stages i.e. data acqu...

In this paper the main objective is to quantify and compare the instantaneous value of heart rate for normal breathing patterns during Meditation and Non Meditation conditions. This paper involves Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) technique for the analysis of the heart rate variability patterns during the meditative and non meditative states. The analysis is divided into three stages i.e. data acqu...

Abstract Advanced gas turbine and internal combustion engine chambers operate at highly elevated pressures temperatures. Therefore, spray vaporization analysis cannot be limited to the atmospheric environment since evaporation strongly depends on ambient conditions. Presently, effect of air pressure temperature droplet rate was investigated by using both a transient steady-state approach. A cor...

We introduce the definition of generic bound entanglement for the case of continuous variables. We provide some examples of bound entangled states for that case, and discuss their physical sense in the context of quantum optics. We raise the question of whether the entanglement of these states is generic. As a by-product we obtain a new many parameter family of bound entangled states with posit...

The extended corresponding states principle has been applied on the prediction of the surface tension of pure molten alkali halides. The model uses liquid density and vapour pressure data of the salts of interest and of the reference salt, chosen to be NaCl, as the input for the calculation of temperature-dependent equivalent substance reducing ratios (ESRR). The model here described was alread...