We describe a paradox in classical electrodynamics, and its two resolutions. The paradox is concerned with the Lorentz invariance of the classical analog of the number of photons.

The famous twin paradox of the Special Theory of Relativity by Einstein (1905) is revisited and revised. This paradox is not a paradox in the true sense of a paradox but a reflection of a misunderstanding of the problem and the Principle of Relativity. The currently accepted solution to this takes into account the accelerations and deceleration of the traveling twin thus introducing an asymmetr...

Simpson’s paradox, also known as amalgamation or aggregation paradox, appears when dealing with proportions. Proportions are by construction parts of a whole, which can be interpreted as compositions assuming they only carry relative information. The Aitchison inner product space structure of the simplex, the sample space of compositions, explains the appearance of the paradox, given that amalg...

The phenomenon known as the lactate paradox has been a topic of heated debate since it gained worldwide attention following Operation Everest in the early 1980s. What began as the simple finding that blood lactate (blood [La]) for a given sub-maximal workload or VO2 following acclimatization to high altitude is reduced compared with sea-level values, morphed into a complex set of parameters tha...

This is a defense and extension of Stephen Yablo’s claim that self-reference is completely inessential to the liar paradox. An infinite sequence of sentences of the form “None of these subsequent sentences are true” generates the same instability in assigning truth values. I argue Yablo’s technique of substituting infinity for self-reference applies to all so-called “self-referential” paradoxes...

The “Mitra paradox” refers to the fact that while the de Sitter spacetime appears non-static in a freely falling reference frame, it looks static with reference to a fixed reference frame. The coordinate-independent nature of the paradox may be gauged from the fact that the relevant expansion scalar, θ = √ 3Λ, is finite if Λ > 0. The trivial resolution of the paradox would obviously be to set Λ...

Newcomb's paradox highlights an apparent conflict involving the axioms of game theory. It concerns a game in which you choose to take either one or both of two closed boxes. However before you choose, a prediction algorithm deduces your choice, and fills the two boxes based on that deduction. The paradox is that game theory appears to provide two conflicting recommendations for what choice you ...

The enigmatic but much accepted vapor pressure paradox for oriented lipid bilayer samples was recently justified theoretically. Subsequently, recent experiments have shown that there is no vapor pressure paradox. The first result of this paper is to consider another degree of freedom that reverses the previous theoretical conclusion, so that theory and experiment are now in agreement that there...

The study of paradox has been one of the most neglected areas in contemporary biblical scholarship. One of the landmark examples is the Liar’s Paradox (Titus 1:12) with circular reasoning, along with the name of God (Exodus 3:14) and the identity of Jesus (John 14:10). Yet biblical paradox is one of the most ignored areas in biblical study for the latter half of the 20th century. The study of p...

Feld’s friendship paradox states that “your friends have more friends than you, on average.” This paradox arises because extremely popular people, despite being rare, are overrepresented when averaging over friends. Using a sample of the Twitter firehose, we confirm that the friendship paradox holds for >98% of Twitter users. Because of the directed nature of the follower graph on Twitter, we a...