We have previously shown that various protease-activated receptor (PAR) isoforms, mainly PAR-1, are upregulated in reactive astrocytes of rat hippocampus following i.p. administration of trimethyltin (TMT), a neurotoxicant which is known to cause neuronal death and reactive gliosis. In the present paper, we demonstrate that this PAR-1 upregulation was also mimicked in primary cultures of neonat...

The thrombin receptor, protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1), has wide tissue distribution and is involved in many physiological functions. Because thrombin is in the intestinal lumen and mucosa during inflammation, we sought to determine PAR-1 expression and function in human intestinal epithelial cells. RT-PCR showed PAR-1 mRNA expression in SCBN cells, a nontransformed duodenal epithelial ce...

The Drosophila anterior-posterior axis is specified when the posterior follicle cells signal to polarise the oocyte, leading to the anterior/lateral localisation of the Par-6/aPKC complex and the posterior recruitment of Par-1, which induces a microtubule reorganisation that localises bicoid and oskar mRNAs. Here we show that oocyte polarity requires Slmb, the substrate specificity subunit of t...

The thrombin receptor [protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1)] is overexpressed in highly metastatic melanoma cell lines and in patients with metastatic lesions. Activation of PAR-1 leads to cell signaling and up-regulation of genes involved in adhesion, invasion, and angiogenesis. Herein, we stably silence PAR-1 through the use of lentiviral short hairpin RNA and found significant decreases in ...

Protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR(2)), a receptor highly expressed in the respiratory tract, can influence inflammation at mucosal surfaces. Although the effects of PAR(2) in the innate immune response to bacterial infection have been documented, knowledge of its role in the context of viral infection is lacking. We thus investigated the role of PAR(2) in influenza pathogenesis in vitro and in...

OBJECTIVE Thrombin is a multifunctional serine protease that promotes vascular proinflammatory responses whose effect on endothelial MMP-10 expression has not previously been evaluated. METHODS AND RESULTS Thrombin induced endothelial MMP-10 mRNA and protein levels, through a protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1)-dependent mechanism, in a dose- and time-dependent manner. This effect was mimic...

The protease-activated receptor (PAR)-2 is present on the smooth muscle and epithelium of human airways and can be activated by mast cell tryptase, trypsin, or the PAR-2 activating peptide (AP). Trypsin and the PAR-2 AP induced contractions in human isolated airways, and these contractions were potentiated in the presence of the cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor indomethacin. Trypsin also increase...

A simple and rapid method has been developed for the quantification of Domperidone (DMP) and Paracetamol (PAR) through FT-IR in combined dosage form. The method involves the measurements of peaks of carbonyl group (C=O) at 1656 cm (PAR) and 1717 cm (DMP). An UV-Spectrophotometric method was also described for the simultaneous determination of DMP and PAR. The analytical results obtained with FT...

The objective of this study was to examine the combined effect of Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and Tumor Necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) on cytotoxicity and expression of prostate apoptosis response-4 (Par-4) and Par-4 interacting proteins B-cell lymphoma (Bcl-2), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells/p65 subunit (NF-κB/p65), Ak mouse strain thymoma (Akt) in human neuroblasto...

Background: The vertical migration of phytoplankton was investigated in natural waters using in situ fluorescence profiling, chlorophyll a concentrations and life counts at two study sites differing in coloured dissolved organic matter (cDOM) concentrations. The data from the corresponding water depths (50-cm intervals down to 10 m) and times (hourly, before dawn to sunset, several days) were r...