Bud exudates from twelve clones o f Populus nigra originating from seven countries were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and the principal compounds identified. Specimens o f P. nigra var betulifolia differed in bud exudate composition from the other speci­ mens analyzed, and were more similar in exudate composition to P. deltoides than were the other specimens. The range o f bu...

Aim of study: This study aimed to determine the medicinal plant use preferences herbalists’ customers against COVID-19 symptoms during pandemic period.
 Area The was carried out in nine provinces located Central and Eastern Anatolia Region Turkey herbalists selling plants.
 Material methods: Data on 35 plants from 373 49 were collected between April 2020 December 2020. Relative Freque...

Propolis is the substance used by bees as a draught excluder and general purpose sealer for their hives. It usually consists of a mixture of pop­ lar bud exudate and beeswax [1]. Propolis balsam (a 70% alcohol extract of propolis which contains the bud exudate components) is a popular herbal medicine [2-4] containing a number of phenolic constituents with antimicrobial activity [4-6], Bees appe...

Mechanical site preparation methods that used tools mounted on lightweight excavators and provided localised intensive were tested in eight experimental sites across France where the vegetation was dominated either by (L.) Moench or Kuhn. Two (Deep Scarifier: DS; Deep Scarifier followed Multifunction Subsoiler: DS+MS) pine ( L., var. (Loudon) Hyl. Aiton) oak (Matt.) Liebl. L.) plantations...