abstract diabetes mellitus is one of the major metabolic disorders. diabetes is recognized for severe complications including diabetic nephropathy, neuropathy and retinopathy. long-lasting effect of hyperglycemia results in increased oxidative stress. oxidative stress results from an imbalance between radical-generating and radical scavenging systems. increased oxidative stress has been shown t...

Abstract Diabetes mellitus is one of the major metabolic disorders. Diabetes is recognized for severe complications including diabetic nephropathy, neuropathy and retinopathy. Long-lasting effect of hyperglycemia results in increased oxidative stress. Oxidative stress results from an imbalance between radical-generating and radical scavenging systems. Increased oxidative stress has been shown ...

Free radicals have acquired growing importance in the fields of biology and medicine. They are produced during many different endogenous exogenous processes. Mitochondria main source reactive oxygen species (ROS) at cell level. The overproduction free can damage macromolecules such as nucleic acids, proteins lipids. This leads to tissue various chronic degenerative diseases. Antioxidants play a...

Free radicals are atoms or molecules containing one or more unpaired electrons, making them very “reactive” (Surai, 2003). Biologically relevant free radicals are activated atoms or groups of atoms (usually containing oxygen or nitrogen) with an odd (unpaired) number of electrons. In a non-radical compound, all orbits are occupied by two electrons. When a chemical reaction breaks the bonds that...

In the critical care setting, nurses frequently care for patients with acute and chronic diseases that affect multiple body systems. Many of these medical conditions have been associated with an imbalance between oxidizing chemicals called free radicals and antioxidants. Free radical damage is now assumed to be a contributing factor in all major diseases. In order to provide the most current an...

Molecular oxygen is toxic for anaerobic organisms but it is also obvious that oxygen is poisonous to aerobic organisms as well, since oxygen plays an essential role for inducing molecular damage. Molecular oxygen is a triplet radical in its ground-stage (.O-O.) and has two unpaired electrons that can undergoes consecutive reductions of one electron and generates other more reactive forms of oxy...