Oxygen diffusion in natural and synthetic single-crystal titanite was characterized under both dry and water-present conditions. For the dry experiments, pre-polished titanite samples were packed in O-enriched quartz powder inside Ag–Pd capsules, along with a fayalite–magnetite–quartz (FMQ) buffer assemblagemaintained physically separate by Ag–Pd strips. The sealed Ag–Pd capsules were themselve...

The catalytic oxidation of toluene to benzoic acid in the liquid phase has been studied in an un-stirred tank reactor. Low concentration of acetic acid was added in order to increase the solubility of the catalyst in toluene. The dependence of the rate of reaction on the concentration of toluene catalyst and oxygen pressure was studied. It has been suggested that liquid phase oxidation of t...

Electrospun nanofibrous structures provide good performance to scaffolds in tissue engineering. We measured the local diffusion coefficients of 3-kDa FITC-dextran in line patterns of electrospun nanofibrous structures fabricated by the direct-write electrospinning (DWES) technique using the fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) method. No significant differences were detected betwee...

Flooding imposes stress upon terrestrial plants since it severely hampers gas exchange rates between the shoot and the environment. The resulting oxygen deficiency is considered to be the major problem for submerged plants. Oxygen microelectrode studies have, however, shown that aquatic plants maintain relatively high internal oxygen pressures under water, and even may release oxygen via the ro...

Diffusion behavior of water, diatomic oxygen, and a mixture of both into a poly(3hexylthiophene)[P3HT] melt were investigated using Molecular Dynamics Simulation. Once simulations were complete, the data was analyzed to determine the diffusion coefficient of those molecules in P3HT using Fick’s law. The diffusion coefficient values were then plotted as a function of concentration and temperatur...

The results of x-ray diffraction, the size of lattice parameter, and the values of oxygen diffusion coefficient in YOu-Ce02 , Gd0u-Ce02 , and Nd01.5-Ce02 systems were reviewed. In YOu-Ce02 system, the lattice parameter decreases as the concentration of YOu increases. In Gd0u-Ce02 system, the lattice parameter does not change very much. And in Nd0u-Ce02 system, it increases as the concentration ...

We calculate first-principles interaction energies between substitutional solutes and oxygen interstitials in a-titanium and predict the effect of solutes on oxygen diffusion from those interactions. Interaction between 45 solutes across the periodic table and three oxygen interstitial sites are calculated with density-functional theory. The interaction energies show distinct trends across the ...

Theoretical prediction of self-diffusion in a metal oxide in a wide range of thermodynamic conditions has been a long-standing challenge. Here, we establish that combining the formation free energies and migration barriers of all charged oxygen defects as calculated by density functional theory, within the random-walk diffusion theory framework, is a viable approach to predicting oxygen self-di...

Aquatic ectotherms face the continuous challenge of capturing sufficient oxygen from their environment as the diffusion rate of oxygen in water is 3 x 10(5) times lower than in air. Despite the recognized importance of oxygen in shaping aquatic communities, consensus on what drives environmental oxygen availability is lacking. Physiologists emphasize oxygen partial pressure, while ecologists em...

Ap effective pore area CAM chorioallantoic membrane CO cardiac output CO2 carbon dioxide dCO2 carbon dioxide diffusion coefficient dH2O water vapor diffusion coefficient dO2 oxygen diffusion coefficient DO2 oxygen diffusing capacity EP external pipping FcOX mean corpuscular oxygenation velocity GCO2 carbon dioxide conductance GH2O water vapor conductance GO2 oxygen conductance Hb hemoglobin Hct...