The artificially manufactured probiotics having beneficial bacteria, Bacillus spp. was applied regularly in a modified extensive shrimp (Penaeus monodon) culture pond, located on the bank of Vellar estuary, Parangipettai. The populations of total heterotrophic bacteria (THB), beneficial bacteria (Bacillus spp.) and pathogenic bacteria (vibrios) were monitored in water and sediment of the pond. ...

Algal biofuels and valuable co-products are being produced in both open and closed cultivation systems. Growing algae in open pond systems may be a more economical alternative, but this approach allows environmental microorganisms to colonize the pond and potentially infect or outcompete the algal "crop." In this study, we monitored the microbial community of an outdoor, open raceway pond inocu...

This paper describes POND, a planner developed to solve problems characterized by partial observability and nondeterminism. POND searches in the space of belief states, guided by a relaxed plan heuristic. Many of the more interesting theoretical issues showcased by POND show up within its relaxed plan heuristics. Namely, the exciting topics are defining distance estimates between belief states,...

This paper presents a case study of photovoltaic (PV) system design at Hwangji Youchang facility in Korea, to power an electrical aerator for natural purification of acid mine drainage. The aerator was designed as 13 units with air flow capacity of 60 L/min at the oxidation pond by considering the characteristics of incoming drainage. Site evaluation was conducted to identify a suitable locatio...

Ponds throughout the world are subjected to a variety of management measures for purposes of biodiversity conservation. Current conservation efforts typically comprise a combination of multiple measures that directly and indirectly impact a wide range of organism groups. Knowledge of the relative impact of individual measures on different taxonomic groups is important for the development of eff...

The addition of pond ash (fly ash that has been placed in evaporative ponds and subsequently dewatered) to feedlot surfaces provides a healthier environment for livestock and economic advantages for the feedlot operator. However, the water quality effects of pond ash amended surfaces are not well understood. The objectives of this field investigation were to: (1) compare feedlot soil properties...

A tree frog (Hyla arborea L., 1758) metapopulation in western Switzerland was studied during spring 2001. All potential calling ponds in an area of 350 km were searched for tree frog calling males. Twenty-nine out of 111 ponds sheltered between 1 and 250 callers. Most ponds were occupied by less than 12 males. Pond parameters were measured at three different levels using field analysis and a Ge...

In recent years, Enteromorpha prolifera blooms had serious impacts on costal environments and fisheries in China. Nevertheless, the effects of E. prolifera on microbial ecology remain unknown. In this study, for the first time, an Illumina sequencing analysis was used to investigate bacterial communities in source water, aquaculture ponds with E. prolifera, and an aquaculture pond in which E. p...

This study deals with development of decision support tools for warmwater pond aquaculture. Efforts are directed at refining the POND© software and developing a new farm-level decision support tool. Refinements to POND© focus on general issues related to program maintenance, enhancements to the enterprise budgeting tool within POND©, and a task-oriented interface for assisting users in accompli...

A groundwater, sediment and soil chemistry and mineralogical study has been performed to investigate the sources and mobilization process of Arsenic (As) in shallow aquifers of Bangladesh. The groundwater from the shallow aquifers is characterized by high concentrations of Arsenic (47.5–216.8 μg/L), iron (0.85–5.83 mg/L), and phosphate, along with high electrical conductivity (EC). The groundwa...