CD30 and OX40 (CD134) are members of the TNFR superfamily expressed on activated CD4 T cells, and mice deficient in both these molecules harbor a striking defect in the capacity to mount CD4 T cell-dependent memory Ab responses. This article shows that these mice also fail to control Salmonella infection because both CD30 and OX40 signals are required for the survival but not commitment of CD4 ...

OX40 (CD134, TNFRSF4), a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily is expressed on activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. In pre-clinical tumor models, agonist OX40 antibody (aOX40) therapy is often successful at treating small tumors but is less effective once the tumors have become established. For a tumor immunotherapy to be successful it will most likely require not only an ...

CARMA1 is a lymphocyte-specific scaffold protein necessary for T cell activation. Deletion of CARMA1 prevents the development of allergic airway inflammation in a mouse model of asthma due to a defect in naive T cell activation. However, it is unknown if CARMA1 is important for effector and memory T cell responses after the initial establishment of inflammation, findings that would be more rele...

The tumor microenvironment of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) has been shown to be immune suppressive. Therefore, strategies aimed at overcoming this issue could have a positive therapeutic impact. Hence, we investigated the expression of the known immune-modulatory proteins OX40, programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4...

Enhancing an effector immune response by cancer vaccines has not been clinically successful so far. Although the necessary immune response may be elicited using vaccine-based therapies, this has not been sufficient for a positive clinical outcome; since most cancers can escape immune surveillance via multiple immune suppressive mechanisms induced in the tumor environment. A relatively recent st...

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by a loss of tolerance toward nuclear components, and multiple organs such as kidney, brain, vessels or skin are affected. SLE presents a waxing and waning course, rendering its outcome hardly predictable. A better understanding of human SLE pathogenesis is direly needed because only few effective treatments are av...

CD40, 4-1BB, and OX40 are costimulatory molecules belonging to the TNF/nerve growth factor superfamily of receptors. We examined whether simultaneous costimulation affected the responses of T cells using several different in vivo tracking models in mice. We show that enforced dual costimulation through 4-1BB and OX40, but not through CD40, induced profound specific CD8 T cell clonal expansion. ...

One goal of vaccination is to promote development of mucosal effector cells that can immediately respond to peripheral infection. This is especially important for protection against viruses that enter the host through the respiratory tract. We show that targeting the OX40 costimulatory receptor (CD134) strongly promotes mucosal memory in the CD8 T cell compartment. Systemic injection of an agon...

This report investigates the role of OX40 ligand (OX40L) and its receptor, OX40, expressed on activated B and T cells, respectively, in promoting the differentiation of T helper type 2 (Th2) CD4 T cells. These molecules are expressed in vivo by day 2 after priming with T cell- dependent antigens. Their expression coincides with the appearance of immunoglobulin (Ig)G switch transcripts and mRNA ...