OBJECTIVE To evaluate trends in urolith composition and urolithiasis in dogs during the past 21 years. DESIGN Retrospective case series. SAMPLE POPULATION 25,499 uroliths and the dogs from which they were obtained. PROCEDURES Database of the Gerald V. Ling Urinary Stone Analysis Laboratory was searched from January 1985 through December 2006. All uroliths from dogs and the accompanying su...

Income tax is one of the most important costs of companies and it is usually considered as a cost that should not be paid. One of the most noticeable and influential factors in tax avoidance is corporate ownership structure. With an emphasis on institutional ownership and its types in this paper, it is attempted to measure the effect of this ownership and its types on corporate tax avoidance. F...

in the present study 6500 stray dogs were killed in 1993-4 to initiate a preliminary control program in rural and urban areas of the city of kerman. 391 dogs including 169 (43.12%) females and 222 (56.8%) males were selected randomly, dissected and examined for echinococcus granulosus and microscopically. the overall prevalence rate was 7.4%. the younger dogs were more susceptible to infection ...

BACKGROUND Scientific literature on cystic echinococcosis (CE) reporting data on risk factors is limited and to the best of our knowledge, no global evaluation of human CE risk factors has to date been performed. This systematic review (SR) summarizes available data on statistically relevant potential risk factors (PRFs) associated with human CE. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Database search...

BACKGROUND Physical inactivity and sedentary behaviour are major threats to population health. A considerable proportion of people own dogs, and there is good evidence that dog ownership is associated with higher levels of physical activity. However not all owners walk their dogs regularly. This paper comprehensively reviews the evidence for correlates of dog walking so that effective intervent...

Almost all cases of human rabies result from dog bites, making the elimination of canine rabies a global priority. During recent decades, many countries in the Western Hemisphere have carried out large-scale dog vaccination campaigns, controlled their free-ranging dog populations and enforced legislation for responsible pet ownership. This article reviews progress in eliminating canine rabies f...

background:   the objective was to determine the prevalence of ectoparasite infestations in referred companion dogs to veterinary hospital of shahid chamran university of ahvaz, from 2009 to 2010 . methods: a total of 126 dogs were sampled for ectoparasites and examined by parasitological methods. the studied animals were grouped based on the age (<1 year, 1–3 years and >3 years), sex, breed an...

Despite a marked increase in the focus toward biodiversity conservation in fragmented landscapes, studies that confirm species breeding success are scarce and limited. In this paper, we asked whether local (area of forest patches) and landscape (amount of suitable habitat surrounding of focal patches) factors affect the breeding success of raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) in Tokyo, Centr...