The impact of 'Ecology' is so great that all scientific fields in the world cannot go beyond single word 'ecology'. Various writers field literature are also trying to take forward ecological ideas. Cho. Dharman, one them. purpose this article review ideas and changes presented his novel "Sool." Even though has various social such as agriculture over a century, change from barter system money e...

Genetic analyses, particularly in Arabidopsis, have led to the identification of mutants that define different steps of ovule ontogeny, pollen stigma interaction, pollen tube growth, and fertilization. Isolation of the genes defined by these mutations promises to lead to a molecular understanding of these processes. Mutants have also been obtained in which processes that are normally triggered ...

Mutualisms are interspecific interactions in which both players benefit. Explaining their maintenance is problematic, because cheaters should outcompete cooperative conspecifics, leading to mutualism instability. Monoecious figs (Ficus) are pollinated by host-specific wasps (Agaonidae), whose larvae gall ovules in their "fruits" (syconia). Female pollinating wasps oviposit directly into Ficus o...

The anther, pollen and ovule development in Achillea tenuifolia were studied with a bright field microscopy. Results showed that the anther is of tetrasporangiate type and the anther wall is composed by four layers: an epidermis, an endothecium, one middle layer and a tapetum layer. Tapetum is of secretory type and its cells showed polyploidy. Pollen tetrads were tetrahedral, microspores were v...

A new species was synthesized artificially by chromosome doubling of an interspecific hybrid between cassava and Manihot anomala. The ensuing polyploid type exhibits an apomictic nature and maintains its morphological characteristics in the progeny. It showed a 29% frequency of multiembryonic sacs in its examined ovules whereas the multiembryonic sacs were absent in the diploid type.

The seed yield in pea (Pisum sativum L.) depends on numerous environmental and genotypic factors. ongoing climate changes draw one’s attention to genetics variation of underexplored reproductive traits. This study focuses ovule number (ON) flower size expressed as a length flag petal (FL), terms their heritability, variability, correlation with 1000 mass (TSM), per pod, seed/ovule ratio. A set ...