most specialists in the field of foreign language teachingconsiderreading skill as an interactive process between the reader’s prior knowledge and the text.accordingly, the activation of prior knowledge for an effective comprehension is very important. it is generally agreed that the pre-reading phase is the stage where this type of interaction and activation may be enhanced throughcertain stra...

with the increasing population and the need for more food, as well as with the development of science and technology, human approach to unnatural and often chemical inputs to increase agricultural production has been a great expansion and problems such as increased cancers, chronic diseases has created environmental pollution. implementation of organic organic is a solution to these problems . ...

this study compared the different effects of form-focused guided planning vs. meaning-focused guided planning on iranian pre-intermediate students’ task performance. the study lasted for three weeks and concentrated on eight english structures. forty five pre-intermediate iranian students were randomly assigned to three groups of guided planning focus-on-form group (gpfg), guided planning focus...

any change in the refractive index of a laser active medium can lead to serious degradation of beam quality, laser beam modes, laser performance and variation in the intensity distribution. alteration in the refractive index of laser active medium is especially notable in high power lasers. it is clear that in the laser beam production, the pumping agent induces a great amount of heat which...

Probably the stream called Asceticism (later named Sufism and Mysticism) can be regarded as the most everlasting and permanent course which paved its way at some Muslems’ ideology with a few changes since the advent of Islam. It seems that asceticism, after Fiqh and Quranic works, has been written about more than any other areas. The style and the formal structure of mystical writings have cons...

apart from other aspects, desert is a natural environment and is one of the appealing terrestrial elements. putting its symbolic and fictional senses aside, the term “desert” bears mystic sense more than material sense. in addition to the worlds materialistic experiences, desert has attracted the attention of writers because it creates a kind of inner experience, which returns the individual in...

The concept of historic recurrence implies that events from the past nations can become events of the present nations as well. The current article seeks to explore this notion in the interpretive perspective of Allameh Tabatabai. Studies show that verse 214 of chapter Al-Baqarah in Allamehchr('39')s interpretive thought is the most prominent verse that indicates the repetition of history. Allam...