ebola virus disease (formerly known as ebola haemorrhagic fever) is a severe, often fatal illness, with a death rate of up to 90%. the illness affects humans and nonhuman primates (monkeys, gorillas, and chimpanzees). ebola first appeared in 1976 in two simultaneous outbreaks, one in a village near the ebola river in the democratic republic of congo, and the other in a remote area of sudan. the...

651. Epidemiology of Serogroup B Meningococcal Outbreaks and Interim Guidelines for the Use of an Unlicensed Serogroup B Vaccine Under a CDCSponsored IND for the Control of Outbreaks in Organizational Settings Sarah Meyer, MD, MPH; Jessica Macneil, MPH; Amy Blain, MPH; Thomas a. Clark, MD, MPH; Amanda Cohn, MD; For the Meningococcal Outbreak Work Group,; Meningitis and Vaccine Preventable Disea...

BACKGROUND During the 2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak, many patients avoided hospital visit because of fear of infection. Antiepileptic drug (AED) withdrawal is a risk factor for seizure recurrence. Therefore, seizure control during the SARS outbreak is a good model for examining the impact of drug withdrawal in seizure control. METHODS All seizures experienced by each ...

Antiviral drugs, most notably the neuraminidase inhibitors, are an important component of control strategies aimed to prevent or limit any future influenza pandemic. The potential large-scale use of antiviral drugs brings with it the danger of drug resistance evolution. A number of recent studies have shown that the emergence of drug-resistant influenza could undermine the usefulness of antivir...

INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to describe a nosocomial outbreak caused by methicillin resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) ST71 SCCmec II-III in dogs and cats at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the University of Helsinki in November 2010 - January 2012, and to determine the risk factors for acquiring MRSP. In addition, measures to control the outbreak and current po...

CONTENTS Introduction: an international workshop on the global burden of COPD K.R. Chapman, A.S. Buist, D.M. Mannino, J.B. Soriano and P.A. Vermeire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 Worldwide epidemiology of COPD and BOLD A.S. Buist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 Surveillance of COPD:...

We analyse up-to-date epidemiological data of the Ebola virus disease outbreak in Nigeria as of 1 October 2014 in order to estimate the case fatality rate, the proportion of healthcare workers infected and the transmission tree. We also model the impact of control interventions on the size of the epidemic. Results indicate that Nigeria’s quick and forceful implementation of control intervention...

OBJECTIVE To describe an outbreak of multi-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa bloodstream infections (MRPA-BSI) that occurred in the haematology ward of a tertiary academic hospital in Cape Town, South Africa, and determine risk factors for acquisition of MRPA-BSI. METHODS The outbreak investigation included a search for additional cases, review of patient records, environmental and staff scree...

An outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), caused by the virus sub-type H5N1, occurred at four premises in three prefectures in Japan during January and March 2004. As a result, 274,654 poultry died or were slaughtered. This was the first outbreak of HPAI in Japan since 1925. (The earlier outbreak was caused by H7N7.) The disease was successfully eradicated within three-and-a-half...

In The Netherlands a large outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza in poultry occurred in 2003. The outbreak has had devastating consequences, from both economic and animal-health perspective. Vaccination of poultry offers a potentially attractive measure to control and prevent outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza. In this paper we discuss, from an epidemiological perspective, t...