Drying is one of the widely used methods of food preservation and it is a sensitive food processing operation due to undesirable changes in the quality of dried product. In this study the effect of osmotic dyhedration and ultrasound pretreatment prior to convective drying on quality properties of apple slices was investigated. Apple slices were pretreated by osmotic dehydration in two concentra...

BACKGROUND Dapagliflozin inhibits the sodium-glucose-linked transporter 2 in the renal proximal tubule, thereby promoting glycosuria to reduce hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Because these patients may require loop diuretics, and sodium-glucose-linked transporter 2 inhibition causes an osmotic diuresis, we evaluated the diuretic interaction between dapagliflozin and bumetanide. MET...

Creatinine clearance decreases with age by 1 ml/min/year after 40 years of age, although serum creatinine remains constant because of reduction of muscle mass. Reduction of water intake may occur in the elderly because of a reduced sensation of thirst; this is associated with a tendency to lose water with urine. The capacity to respond to sodium load is impaired in aged kidneys, thereby leading...

high temperature, high radiance, low vapor pressure, and lack of precipitation in most months characterize arid ecosystems. under these conditions, tree crops such as pistachio suffer from drought combined with salinity stress. in order to investigation effects of combined salinity and drought stress on function of photosynthetic apparatus, mutica pistachio (pistacia mutica) seedlings were subj...

Diuretics are commonly used to control edema across various clinical fields. Diuretics inhibit sodium reabsorption in specific renal tubules, resulting in increased urinary sodium and water excretion. Loop diuretics are the most potent diuretics. In this article, we review five important aspects of loop diuretics, in particular furosemide, which must be considered when prescribing this medicine...

Hypertension is highly prevalent in Canada, affecting more than 20% of all adults. Thiazide diuretics have been shown in numerous studies to be effective agents for controlling blood pressure and reducing cardiovascular disease and death in hypertensive patients. Thiazide diuretics are recommended as initial first line therapy for uncomplicated hypertension in the 2003 Canadian Hypertension rec...

Diuretics are pharmacologic agents that increase the excretion of water and electrolytes. They are primarily used in states of inappropriate salt and water retention. Such states can be the consequence of congestive heart failure (CHF), renal diseases, and liver disease. Diuretics are also used in various conditions not evidently associated with salt retention. Such conditions include oliguric ...

A potassium loading study was performed in acutely nephrectomized rats to determine the extrarenal effects of diuretics on potassium tolerance. Four diuretics were evaluated: hydrochlorothiazide, furosemide, bumetanide, and spironolactone. Following an intravenous potassium load (0.17 mEq/100 g over one hour), plasma potassium concentration rose by 2.69 +/- 0.26 to 3.67 +/- 0.20 mEq/L in all gr...

OBJECTIVE To examine the association of myocardial infarction and stroke incidence with several commonly used two drug antihypertensive treatment regimens. Design Population based case-control study. Setting Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA, USA. PARTICIPANTS Cases (n=353) were aged 30-79 years, had pharmacologically treated hypertension, and were diagnosed with a first fatal or non-fata...

IN THIS ISSUE, THE PROVERBIAL question of osmotic regulation of renin secretion is revisited by Kurtz and Schweda (9) with rather surprising, yet apparently definitive, results. Since the development of osmotic diuretics, there has been much interest in whether renin secretion by the kidney is somehow regulated by changes in osmolality, either in the plasma perfusing the kidney or in the microe...