The hopes for liver transplantation have been increased by experience with the new immunosuppressive drug cyclosporin A. Optimal therapy with cyclosporin A has required steroid therapy, but the amounts of prednisone used have been a small fraction of those used in the past.

PURPOSE Early studies reported some abnormalities in saccade and vergence eye movements in children with vertigo and vergence deficiencies. The purpose of this study was to further examine saccade and vergence performance in a population of 44 children (mean age: 12.3±1.6 years) with vertigo symptoms and with different levels of vergence abnormalities, as assessed by static orthoptic examinatio...

BACKGROUND The angle kappa is important in proper centration of corneal ablation in keratorefractive surgery. Orbscan II device is widely used preoperatively in photoablation surgeries and can be used to measure the angle kappa. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the mean angle kappa and its intercepts in healthy young Iranian adults. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study...

Vergence insufficiency is frequent in many populations including children with vertigo in the absence of measurable vestibular dysfunction. Orthoptic exercises are typically used to improve vergence and the clinical practice suggests that simple repetition of vergence movements improves it. Objective eye movement recordings were used to asses the dynamics and spatial-temporal properties of conv...

AIM To examine the range of monocular crowded logMAR acuity and cycloplegic refraction of children aged 3 years and 4 years without strabismus. METHODS Data were collected prospectively. All children had full orthoptic and ophthalmic examination. Inclusion principally required the absence of strabismus, symptoms, and ocular pathology. Criteria were used to categorise the refraction findings a...

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2015.08.002 0042-6989/ 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Dear Editor, It is with interest we read the article byWang about compliance with patching and atropine therapy for amblyopia. While we appreciate the attention for the subject, the review draws several unwarranted conclusions from our studies that need correction. First of all, in the second parag...

ACCORDING to Ciuppers (1958), about 2 per cent. of the population of Germany, France, and Switzerland suffer from unilateral amblyopia; the proportion in Great Britain is likely to be very similar. Though amblyopia resulting from ocular deviation may arise where the fixation is central, the great importance of eccentric fixation in relation to amblyopia is now generally recognized and considera...

PURPOSE To evaluate the kinetics of change in symptoms and signs of convergence insufficiency (CI) during 12 weeks of treatment with commonly prescribed vision therapy/orthoptic treatment regimens. METHODS In a randomized clinical trial, 221 children aged 9 to 17 years with symptomatic CI were assigned to home-based pencil push-ups (HBPP), home-based computer vergence/accommodative therapy an...

PURPOSE To evaluate the relationship between the horizontal ciliary sulcus diameter and anterior chamber diameter measured by 35 MHz ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) and the horizontal corneal diameter (white to white [WTW]) measured by scanning-slit topography and to assess the repeatability (intraexaminer difference) of the 2 methods. SETTING Department of Orthoptics and Visual Science, Kitas...

THE following series of 100 consecutive cases operated on for convergent concomitant squint is recorded to; show the degree of success which can be obtained by operation combined with orthoptic treatment. The patients were children from 6 to 14 years old, referred from the Salford Education. Committee Clinic and operated on at the Salford Municipal Hospital. It is estimated that in the orthopti...