The mutually corroborated electrochemical measurements and density functional theory (DFT) calculations were used to uncover the origin of electrocatalytic activity of graphene-based electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). A series of graphenes doped with nonmetal elements was designed and synthesized, and their ORR performance was evaluated in terms of four electrochemical descri...

Scientists' interest in religion seems to come in waves. One arrived after the publication of Darwin's Origin of Species in 1859. Another followed in the 1930s and 1940s, inspired by surprising revelations from quantum mechanics, which suggested the insufficiency of conventional physical theories of the universe. And now scientists are once again writing about religion, apparently provoked this...

Neutral stability limits for wake flow behind a flat plate is studied using spectral method. First, Orr-Sommerfeld equation was changed to matrix form, covering the whole domain of solution. Next, each term of matrix was expanded using Chebyshev expansion series, a series very much equivalent to the Fourier cosine series. A group of functions and conditions are applied to start and end points i...

A family of cheap carbon black based Fe-Nx/C electrocatalysts with superhigh-performance for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) were synthesized. The one with Fe 10 wt% and N 1.57 wt% shows the best performance. The activity order of different active sites for ORR was revealed firstly: Fe-N4/2-C > Fe4-N-C > N-C ≫ Fe4-C ≈ C.

We report a high-yield strategy for the synthesis of very small silver nanoclusters (2 to 5 silver atoms) formed from conventional silver salts and scaffolds as high-performance catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The work demonstrates that Ag NCs are excellent catalysts for ORR and show great potential in alkaline fuel cells.

Hollow nitrogen-doped carbon spheres (HNCSs) were prepared by a facile method as non-precious catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The HNCS catalysts exhibited ORR activity comparable with a commercial Pt/C catalyst and superior stability in alkaline electrolyte medium.

Nitrogen doped graphitic layer encased cobalt (N-C@Co) nanoparticles, as novel non-precious-metal catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), were fabricated by a facile method using cyanamide and cobalt nitrate as precursors. The N-C@Co catalysts exhibited comparable catalytic performance, better stability and improved methanol tolerance towards the ORR than those of the commercial Pt/C...

The Pt@Au catalysts demonstrate remarkably high oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity compared with Pt/C catalysts. The ORR of Pt(2)@Au(1)/C and Pt(1)@Au(2)/C is 9.5 and 6.6 times that of Pt/C, respectively. This improvement is attributed to the electronic structure effect of the Au core on the Pt shell and introduction of PFSA.

We improved the effectiveness of Pt monolayer electrocatalysts for the oxygen-reduction reaction (ORR) using a novel approach to fine-tuning the Pt monolayer interaction with its support, exemplified by an annealed Pd(3)Fe(111) single-crystal alloy support having a segregated Pd layer. Low-energy ion scattering and low-energy electron diffraction studies revealed that a segregated Pd layer, wit...

BACKGROUND Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) lacks the expression of the estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2 (HER2/neu), which renders hormone-related endocrine and targeted therapy essentially futile. OBJECTIVE We performed a meta-analysis to assess the effects of antitumor regimens in the treatment of TNBC patients. METHODS We searched ...