For a majority of aquatic ecosystems, respiration ( R ) exceeds autochthonous gross primary production (GPP). These systems have negative net ecosystem production ([NEP] = [GPP] – R ) and ratios of [GPP]/ R of <1. This net heterotrophy can be sustained only if aquatic respiration is subsidized by organic inputs from the catchment. Such subsidies imply that organic materials that escaped decompo...

The enzymatic response of a natural deep-sea microbial community to input of organic matter was investigated by substrate enrichment experiments. Sediments from the BIOTRANS area at 47"N 20°W in the NE Atlantic (4500 m depth) were supplied with particulate and dissolved organic matter from stenhzed net plankton and incubated under in situ pressure and temperature. Changes in the potential hydro...

this paper has used a multisectoral input-output model of iranian economy to examine the ability of different sectors of economy to create jobs per unit of output as well as capital. the results reveal that there is no conflict in a growth strategy that simultaneously attempts to improve efficiency i.e. reallocating production to sectors with low drcs, equity and job creation. although sectoral...

The agricultural production system in Sri Lanka consists of two traditional and well-defined components. One is the plantation section, established during the colonial period, consisting of large units, and producing perennial crops such as coffee, tea, rubber, and coconut mainly for export. The other is the smallholder sector comprised of small farms which produce most of the country’s rice, v...

Enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) may deteriorate or fail during low organic carbon loading periods. Polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) in EBPR were acclimated under both high and low organic carbon conditions, and then dynamics of polymers in typical cycles, anaerobic conditions with excess organic carbons, and endogenous respiration conditions were examined. After long-te...