Background: Galanin is an orexigenic agent and has been demonstrated to be a putative regulator of gonadotropin secretion. It is well known that this orexigenic peptide probably plays a vital role in the regulation of reproduction; however, the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Objectives: The goal of this study was to determine the role of galanin in the regulation of gonad...

Introduction. The use of bariatric surgery as a treatment for obesity has increased dramatically over the past few years. Because results in obese patients with type 2 diabetes were so impressive, International Diabetes Federation recommended considering an acceptable option BMI 30-35 kg / m2 when cannot be adequately controlled traditional therapies.
 aim study is to compare metabolic syn...

It is currently accepted that ambient, non-genetic factors influence perinatal development and evoke structural and functional changes that may persist throughout life. Overfeeding and androgenization after birth are two of these key factors that could result in "metabolic imprinting" of neuronal circuits early in life and, thereby, increase the body weight homeostatic "set point", stimulate ap...

Current evidence suggests that ghrelin, a stomach derived peptide, exerts its orexigenic action through specific modulation of Sirtuin1 (SIRT1)/p53 and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathways, which ultimately increase the expression of agouti-related protein (AgRP) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC). However, there is a paucity of data about the poss...

The central nervous system (CNS) controls food intake and energy expenditure via tight coordinations between multiple neuronal populations. Specifically, two distinct neuronal populations exist in the arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus (ARH): the anorexigenic (appetite-suppressing) pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons and the orexigenic (appetite-increasing) neuropeptide Y (NPY)/agouti-related pept...

Stress, mood, and eating behavior play an important role in appetite weight regulation. In particular, ghrelin, as the only known orexigenic hormone, has been suggested to be influential mediator food intake responses stress. The exact of ghrelin hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis is still unknown further challenged by psychological aspects stress behavior. This study aimed assess effect chron...