BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The infraorbital nerve arises from the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve and normally traverses the orbital floor in the infraorbital canal. Sometimes, however, the infraorbital canal protrudes into the maxillary sinus separate from the orbital floor. We systematically studied the prevalence of this variant. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a retrospective revi...

This study aimed to evaluate the anti-adhesive effect of a mixed solution of sodium hyaluronate and sodium carboxymethylcellulose (HACMC, Guardix-sol®) during the transconjunctival approach to orbital wall reconstruction. Eighty-seven patients who underwent orbital wall reconstruction by the transconjunctival approach were enrolled in this prospective study. We applied HACMC between the orbicul...

BACKGROUND Restoring the orbital cavity in large blow out fractures is a challenge for surgeons due to the anatomical complexity. This study evaluated the clinical outcomes and orbital volume after orbital wall fracture repair using a rapid prototyping (RP) technique and intraoperative navigation system. METHODS This prospective study was conducted on the medical records and radiology records...

PURPOSE Blowout fracture characterized by concurrent floor and medial wall fractures is a rare entity. We compared surgical outcomes between a single approach and a double approach in patients with orbital fracture by measuring the postoperative orbital volume. METHODS We confirmed that 21 (8.5%) of a total of 246 patients with orbital fractures had fractures of the medial wall and floor thro...

purpose: to report a patient with exotropia due to medial rectus muscle entrapment as a complication of endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (edcr). case report: a 34-year-old female was referred with left exotropia 18 days after edcr for treatment of primary nasolacrimal duct obstruction. she had a large angle left exotropia in primary position as well as complete limitation of adduction and parti...

PURPOSE In the human body, the orbital muscle is a limited smooth-muscle tissue extending between hard tissues. To provide better understanding of its function, the authors re-examined its development in fetuses. METHODS Using 20 human fetuses (12-25 weeks of gestation), semiserial horizontal or sagittal paraffin sections were prepared at intervals of 20 to 100 μm. In addition to routine hist...

BACKGROUND Isolated pure blowout fractures are clinically important because they are the main cause of serious complications such as diplopia and limitation of extraocular movement. Many reports have described the incidence of blowout fractures associated with diplopia and limitation of extraocular movement; however, no studies have statistically analyzed this relationship. The purpose of this ...