To investigate the neural network of overt speech production, event-related fMRI was performed in 9 young healthy adult volunteers. A clustered image acquisition technique was chosen to minimize speech-related movement artifacts. Functional images were acquired during the production of oral movements and of speech of increasing complexity (isolated vowel as well as monosyllabic and trisyllabic ...

The near-term rat fetus exhibits brief oral grasp responses to discrete presentations of an artificial nipple. In the present experiment, an artificial nipple was presented to individual fetal subjects 10 times. Five of the presentations were timed to occur when spontaneous fetal motor activity was low and five while activity was high, as determined by the baseline activity for the individual f...

The multifunctional buccal central pattern generator in snails, which controls different oral behaviors, has been well characterized. In this work we propose a role for the group of about 40 electrotonically coupled buccal A cluster cells as a context-dependant switch for the buccal central pattern generator, modulating motor patterns that elicit different oral behaviors. We characterize these ...

This study takes place in the theoretical background of perceptuo-motor linkage in speech perception. A closeshadowing experiment has been carried out on post-lingual cochlear implanted (CI) and normal-hearing (NH) adults in order to evaluate sensory-motor interactions during joint perception and production of speech. To this aim, participants have to categorize audio (A) and audiovisual (AV) s...

1 Premotor Neurons Targeting the Trigeminal Motor Nucleus 2 3 Shiro Nakamura, Kiyomi Nakayama, Ayako Mochizuki, Fumihiko Sato, 4 Tahsinul Haque, Atsushi Yoshida and Tomio Inoue 5 6 Department of Oral Physiology, Showa University School of Dentistry, 1-5-8 7 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan and Department of Oral Anatomy 8 and Neurobiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Denti...

Before a bolus is pushed into the pharynx, oral sensory processing is critical for planning movements of the subsequent pharyngeal swallow, including hyoid bone and laryngeal (hyo-laryngeal) kinematics. However, oral and pharyngeal sensory processing for hyo-laryngeal kinematics is not fully understood. In 11 healthy adults, we examined changes in kinematics with sensory adaptation, sensitivity...

Within one month of starting oral prednisolone treatment weakness unexpectedly increased in four patients aged 34 to 75 years with purely motor forms of acquired chronic demyelinating neuropathy. By contrast, steroids produced the expected improvement in 11 other patients with symmetric sensorimotor chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. Two of the patients with purely motor demyeli...

PROMPT (Prompts for Restructuring Oral Muscular Phonetic Targets) a tactually grounded, sensori-motor, cognitivelinguistic treatment model is explored as a philosophy, approach, system and technique. The PROMPT Conceptual Framework and the Motor-Speech Hierarchy are described as frameworks for both assessment and treatment that help clinicians develop a holistic communication focus for treatmen...

zygomatico-orbital injuries (zols) are the most common injuries treated by the oral and maxillofacial surgeons. a respective analysis of 375 pateints with 1z0ls treated in najmeia and baqiet-ullah university hospitals during a six-year period from 1984 to 1990 is presented. male cases accounted for 94.4% (354) 59.46% (223) of the fractures involved the zygomatic bone, 70.13% (259) were fracture...