The protective effects of red cabbage and garlic extracts against liver, kidney thyroid gland damage induced by fumonisin B1 (FB1) in male mice were studied. Sixty divided to six groups. Group one are the healthy mice, two that received a daily oral dose only FB-1 (100 µg/kg.b.w) for 1 month, three: extract (500 mg/kg.bw) plus FB1, four: extracts, five: (500mg/kg.bw) group 6:are extract. After ...

Background Non-nutritive sucking is part of the initial development process in preterm infants that may speed up the transition from the tube to oral feeding. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of non-nutritive sucking on mother's finger on feeding tolerance and attainment of independent oral feeding in preterm infants. Materials and Methods This single blind clinical trial was co...

Background and Purpose New remedies are required for the treatment of neuropathic pain due to insufficient efficacy available therapies. This study provides a novel approach develop painkillers chronic treatment. Experimental Approach The rat formalin test spinal nerve ligation model were used evaluate antinociception protopanaxadiol. Primary cell cultures, immunofluorescence staining, gene pro...

Objective: This study determined the toxicity and toxicokinetics of polydatin when administered via oral gavage to Sprague Dawley rats daily for 4 weeks. Background: Polydatin continues to be investigated as a potential therapy for a variety of human diseases. Methods: Male and female Crl:CD(SD) rats were assigned to five groups, and different doses (0, 300, 600, 1200, or 3000 mg/kg/day) of pol...

BACKGROUND Human microbiota-associated (HMA) animal models relying on germ-free recipient mice are being used to study the relationship between intestinal microbiota and human disease. However, transfer of microbiota into germ-free animals also triggers global developmental changes in the recipient intestine, which can mask disease-specific attributes of the donor material. Therefore, a simple ...

INTRODUCTION The dog is a frequently-used, non-rodent species in the safety assessment of new chemical entities. We have a scientific and ethical obligation to ensure that the best quality of data is achieved from their use. Oral gavage is a technique frequently used to deliver a compound directly into the stomach. As with other animals, in the dog, gavage is aversive and the frequency of its u...

Effect of a combination of pesticides, viz. Delatmethrin 1% + Chlorpyriphos 35% EC, has been studied on the reproductive toxicology of wistar rats. Male rats were exposed to test substance at the dose level of 15, 25, and 35-mg/kg body weight for a consecutive period of 20 weeks. At the end of the experimental period, all the animals were subjected for necropsy, sperm parameters such as motilit...

Immune-mediated drug hypersensitivity reactions are important causes of black box warnings and drug withdrawals. Despite the high demand for preclinical screening tools, no validated in vitro or in vivo models are available. In the current study, we used a previously described oral administration model using trinitrophenyl-ovalbumin (TNP-OVA) as an antigen to report immuno-adjuvating effects of...

BACKGROUND Endosulfan has been used for over 50 years. Although most analogs have been discontinued, endosulfan has less environmental persistence. Nevertheless, pressure groups are lobbying for a worldwide ban. The reasons are: possible rodent male reproductive toxicity, other endocrine effects and cancer; human epidemiology, and exposure studies; residues appearing in remote areas of the worl...