Whole body glucose disposal and skeletal muscle hexokinase, glycogen synthase (GS), pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), and PDH kinase (PDK) activities were measured in aerobically trained men after a standardized control diet (Con; 51% carbohydrate, 29% fat, and 20% protein of total energy intake) and a 56-h eucaloric, high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet (HF/LC; 5% carbohydrate, 73% fat, and 22% protein...

It is a commonly held belief that exercise (one method of inducing an energy deficit) causes a compensation in energy intake to match the exercise-induced energy expenditure. This could possibly lead to the belief that exercise is not a useful method of weight loss which could then be used as an excuse not to exercise. However, there is no compelling evidence to suggest that exercise drives hun...

Diabetes mellitus is characterized by derangements in the metabolism not only of glucose and fat but also of protein (1). However, protein has always received less attention than fat and glucose, both in terms of alterations in its metabolism and in its nutritional implications. Although hyperglycemia and its consequences have always been the hallmark of the disease and plasma glucose the main ...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Management of the postoperative response to surgical stress is an important issue in major surgery. Avoiding preoperative fasting using preoperative oral carbohydrates (POC) has been suggested as a measure to prevent and reduce the extent to which such derangements occur. This review summarizes the current evidence and rationale for this treatment. RECENT FINDINGS A recent r...

Although numerous descriptions exist of special diets and particular foods used by Greek athletes as early as 580 B.C., survey data on diets of Olympians of the modern era are virtually nonexistent. A survey in Helsinki in 1952 reported the diets of Olympic athletes to be high energy, high fat, and high protein. The 1952 Olympians reportedly consumed an average daily energy intake of 18,841 kJ,...

BACKGROUND Reported associations between dietary carbohydrate and prostate cancer (PC) risk are poorly characterized by race. METHODS We analyzed the association between carbohydrate intake, glycemic index (GI), and PC risk in a study of white (N = 262) and black (N = 168) veterans at the Durham VA Hospital. Cases were 156 men with biopsy-confirmed PC and controls (N = 274) had a PSA test but...

Web-based 24-h dietary recalls and questionnaires were obtained from 553 Dutch well-trained athletes. The total energy and macronutrient intake was compared between discipline-categories (endurance, team, and strength) within gender, and dietary inadequacy, i.e., too low or high intakes, according to selected recommendations and guidelines, was evaluated by applying a probability approach. On a...

We assessed the plasma amino acids, glucose, and insulin responses of obese and lean control subjects to midafternoon carbohydrate snacks. After a standard 400 kcal lunch, eight lean and nine obese subjects received, at 2PM, a 30 g sucrose snack; blood samples were obtained at hourly intervals until 6 PM. Each subject participated in four similar studies in which the carbohydrate snack was cons...

dental status may influence food intake. the aim of this review was to summarize the earlier investigations on the association between food intake and dental status. we searched the electronic databases of pubmed and the cochrane library for articles published until 30 february, 2012. to reach the related published articles, medical subject heading (mesh) terms of ‘oral health,’ ‘masticatory pe...

OBJECTIVES An adequate diet is of profound importance in infancy and early childhood. To ensure an optimal diet, knowledge about actual intake must be obtained. The aims of this study were to assess the validity of a semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire (SFFQ) applied in a large nation-wide survey among 2-year-old children and to examine the validity of the SFFQ in relation to differe...