Introduction Formulating diets according to the ideal protein concept allows for maximizing nitrogen utilization and minimizing nitrogen excretion [1]. One primary benefit of ideal protein is that once a ratio is established for a certain age, one can calculate the requirement of all other amino acids under a variety of conditions based on the digestible lysine (dLys) requirement [2]. Digestibl...

In MPLS (Multi-Protocol Label Switching) over optical networks, both the optical level and the MPLS level fault recovery can be considered. Generally, a more flexible path arrangement can be realized by the MPLS level recovery, while fast recovery can be achieved by the optical level recovery. When the optical level recovery is adopted, only normal traffic is carried through the working lightpa...

Cloud computing is emerging trend in Information Technology community. Cloud resources are delivered to cloud users based on the requirements. Because of the services provided by cloud, it is becoming more popular among internet users. Hence, the number of cloud users is increasing day by day. Because of this, load on the cloud server needs to be managed for optimum resource utilization. This r...

Lactobacillus casei ASCC 292 was grown in the presence of six prebiotics, namely, sorbitol, mannitol, maltodextrin, high-amylose maize, fructooligosaccharide (FOS), and inulin, in order to determine the combination of probiotic and prebiotics that would remove the highest level of cholesterol. A first-order model showed that the combination of L. casei ASCC 292, FOS, and maltodextrin was the mo...

The perennial grass Pennisetum alopecuroides was degraded using a conventional heating method with sulfuric acid. The effects of temperature (150 to 200 °C), reaction time (30 to 210 min), acid concentration (2% to 10%), and solid-liquid ratio (1:10 to 1:4) were optimized for P. alopecuroides hydrolysis. The production of levulinic acid was strongly affected by variations in these parameters. T...

Regarding accelerating development of mobile sensor nodes technology, increasing the utilization of them, and also facing with security challenges in these networks; specially clone nodes attack, this paper focuses on exploiting optimum criteria of node clone intrusion detection procedures in mobile wireless sensor networks by using experimental analysis of procedures. Since many of recommended...

Cognitive radio (CR) is an effective way to improve the utilization of spectrum resource. Spectrum sensing is playing an important role for finding free channels to be used by CR. One of the most critical issues in spectrum sensing is the interference on primary user (PU). In this work, a general optimal voting rule is studied to minimize the Bayes risk function in cooperative spectrum sensing....

Regarding accelerating development of mobile sensor nodes technology, increasing the utilization of them, and also facing with security challenges in these networks; specially clone nodes attack, this paper focuses on exploiting optimum criteria of node clone intrusion detection procedures in mobile wireless sensor networks by using experimental analysis of procedures. Since many of recommended...

Link adaptation techniques aim at the efficient utilization of the scarce bandwidth of mobile radio links while satisfying the users’ demands. A competitive candidate for these purposes is an adaptive scheme based on the Trellis Coded Modulation (TCM) which increases the noise robustness without bandwidth expansion, in comparison with an uncoded scheme. We consider the optimum design of an adap...

The profitability of any credit card portfolio is influenced by complex interactions between several conflicting factors like credit risk, probability of attrition, propensity to revolve, credit limit utilization and revenue generated. In this context, the allocation and maintenance of appropriate credit limits, and optimum pricing are the most critical parameters, as they affect a number of th...