This paper discusses the use of pen pressure as a feature in writer-independent on-line handwriting recognition. We propose two kinds of features related to pen pressure: one is the pressure representing pen ups and downs in a continuous manner; the other is the time-derivative of the pressure representing the temporal pattern of the pen pressure. Combining either of them with the existing feat...

Background: Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated an association between indoor fungal growth and respiratory symptoms. However, in only a few studies was fungal exposure actually measured. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the measurement by enzyme immunoassay of extracellular polysaccharides of Aspergillus and Penicillium species (EPS-Asp/Pen) in house dust as a marker fo...

introduction: standard concentrations of antibiotics in culture media are thought to have no detectable toxic effects on the cultured cells. however, since antibiotics are biologically active substances, the possibility that they interfere to some extent with cellular processes occurring in the cultured cells can not always be totally excluded. this study, therefore, was conducted to assess whe...

BACKGROUND Self-administration of recombinant human follicle-stimulating hormone (r-hFSH) can be performed using injection pen devices by women undergoing assisted reproductive technology procedures. The objective of this study was to explore the use of the prefilled follitropin alfa pen in routine assisted reproductive technology procedures in Germany. METHODS This prospective, observational...

Relationships between air quality, a variety of environmental risk factors, and calf respiratory health were studied in 13 naturally ventilated calf barns during winter. A minimum of 12 preweaned calves were randomly selected and scored for the presence of respiratory disease in each barn. An air sampling device was used to determine airborne bacteria colony-forming units per cubic meter (cfu/m...

Presenilin (PS, PS1/PS2) complexes are known to be responsible for the intramembranous gamma-secretase cleavage of the beta-amyloid precursor protein and signaling receptor Notch. PS holoprotein undergoes endoproteolysis by an unknown enzymatic activity to generate NH(2)- and COOH-terminal fragments, a process that is required for the formation of the active and stable PS/-gamma-secretase compl...

This study quantified the behavior of 11 tigers during periodic access to an exercise pen throughout the day and night. The study determined the amount of time spent in the pen and the percentage of time spent performing stereotypic pacing, normal locomotor behavior, and lying down while in the pen. Average access to the exercise pen was 10 hr 49 min overnight and 5 hr 30 min during the day. At...

The γ-secretase complex is a member of the family of intramembrane cleaving proteases, involved in the generation of the Aβ peptides in Alzheimer disease. One of the four subunits of the complex, presenilin, harbors the catalytic site, although the role of the other three subunits is less well understood. Here, we studied the role of the smallest subunit, Pen-2, in vivo and in vitro. We found a...

The Onset of Semantic Web technology have promised a new vision of Personal Information Management (PIM). With the advent of Pen-based computing, PIM faces new challenges: usability and flexibility are important constraints in the pen based environment. We present our system of Semantic Pen an augmented pen based PIM system that merges the efficiency of semantic web with the usability of pen ba...