introduction: median nerve (mn), one of terminal branches of brachial plexus, is commonly associated with several variations. this research aimed to review the literature related to the variations of mn from axillary region to cubital fossa. methods: we searched google scholar, science direct, springer, and pubmed electronic databases to compile reports related to the variation of mn published ...

objective(s):  the aim of this study was to evaluate the final outcome of nerve regeneration across the eggsell membrane (esm) tube conduit in comparison with autograft. materials and methods: thirty adult male rats (250-300 g) were randomized into (1) esm conduit, (2) autograft, and (3) sham surgery groups. the eggs submerged in 5% acetic acid. the decalcifying membranes were cut into four pie...

We investigate the effects of 1(st) order spherical aberration and defocus upon the stiffness of an optical trap tens of μm into the sample. We control both these aberrations with a spatial light modulator. The key to maintain optimum trap stiffness over a range of depths is a specific non-trivial combination of defocus and axial objective position. This optimisation increases the trap stiffnes...

We demonstrate the existence of a bound optical mode supported by a slot in a thin metallic film deposited on a substrate, with slot dimensions much smaller than the wavelength. The modal size is almost completely dominated by the near field of the slot. Consequently, the size is very small compared with the wavelength, even when the dispersion relation of the mode approaches the light line of ...

We demonstrate that surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is applicable to the optical detection of neural signals. A low-noise SPR sensor was developed as a label- and artifact-free method for the extracellular recording of neural activity. The optical responses obtained from a rat sciatic nerve were highly correlated with simultaneously recorded electrical responses. Additional studies with stimula...

The first surgical choledochoscope was introduced in 1965. Murphy subsequently used this instrument to perform the first ever fibre-optic intubation in 1967. The fibre-optic bronchoscope has now become an essential anaesthetic instrument. Awake intubation of the airway can be achieved safely with a variety of techniques using topical analgesia, regional nerve blockade, with or without sedation....

background: carpal tunnel syndrome (cts) is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders among computer users. computer users exhibit various wrist angles while typing. dynamic changes of wrist angle may cause different degrees of median nerve compression. the objective of this study was thus to investigate the effects of the combination of wrist flexion-extension with wrist deviation on me...

several previous studies of adults have reported that the amplitudes of the sural and superficial radial nerve (sn and srn) action potentials are larger with antidromic than with orthodromic recordings. however, this difference has not been documented in children. this study evaluated the amplitudes of sn and srn sensory nerve action potentials (snaps), obtained with antidromic and orthodromic ...