OBJECTIVES Examine factors associated with opioid adverse drug events (ADE) in children. SPECIFIC AIMS Examine whether adjuvant nonopioid use is associated with a decreased probability of opioid-ADEs and need for rescue. BACKGROUND Opioid-ADEs contribute to serious preventable harm for hospitalized children. Adjuvant nonopioid use may mitigate opioid risk postoperatively, yet few studies su...

BACKGROUND Opioid overdose is a public health crisis. This study describes efforts to develop and validate the Brief Opioid Overdose Knowledge (BOOK) questionnaire to assess patient knowledge gaps related to opioid overdose risks. METHODS Two samples of illicit opioid users and a third sample of patients receiving an opioid for the treatment of chronic pain (total N = 848) completed self-repo...

infusion as demonstrated in Figure 3 in our article. Opioid consumption on the other hand is an indirect measure of pain intensity. We agree that PCB is associated with an opioid-sparing effect, and therefore a lower cumulative opioid intake after surgery. Our review shows significantly lower opioid consumption up to 24 h after surgery. Cumulative opioid consumption, however, provides no inform...

Over the past several years substantial evidence has documented that opioid receptor homo- and heterodimers form in cell lines expressing one or more of the opioid receptors. We used opioid receptor knockout mice to determine whether in vivo pharmacological characteristics of kappa1 and kappa2 opioid receptors changed following knockout of specific opioid receptors. Using displacement of the ge...

The increased use of opioids in the treatment of chronic pain encourages the search for drugs with low abuse and tolerance potential but with potent analgesic activity. Opioid agonist-antagonists and partial agonists have less abuse potential than do mu opioid receptor agonists such as morphine, and have been used for many years for their analgesic affects. Recently they have been approved for ...

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF OPIOID WITHDRAWAL IN THE PEDIATRIC PATIENT DURING OPIOID TAPERING By Deborah Fisher, PhD, RN, CS, PNP-BC, CPON A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2012 VCU Chair: Mary Jo Grap, PhD, RN, FAAN Professor, Adult Health and Nursing System...

Increasing evidence suggests that prenatal exposure to opioids may affect brain development, but limited data exist on the effects of opioid-exposure preschool language development. Our study aimed characterize nature and prevalence problems in children prenatally exposed opioids, factors support or hinder acquisition. A sample 100 born pregnant women methadone maintenance treatment 110 randoml...

Mu-opioid receptor (MOR) signaling regulates multiple neuronal pathways, including those involved in pain, reward, and respiration. To advance the understanding of MOR's roles pain modulation, there is a need for high-throughput screening methods opioids vitro high-resolution mapping brain. fill this need, we designed characterized genetically encoded fluorescent reporter, called Single-chain P...

Objectives. Patients taking opioids prior to surgery experience prolonged postoperative opioid use, worse clinical outcomes, increased pain, and more postoperative complications. We aimed to compare preoperative opioid users to their opioid naïve counterparts to identify differences in baseline characteristics. Methods. 107 patients presenting for thoracotomy, total knee replacement, total hip ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Over the past 20 years, the prescribing of opioids has increased dramatically in North America, with parallel increases in opioid addiction, overdose, and associated deaths. We examined whether young children of women prescribed opioids were at increased risk of opioid overdose. METHODS We conducted a population-based, nested case control study in Ontario, Canada, bet...