Background: Graves' disease is a prevalent autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism. Despite being widely recognized, the risk factors for its associated condition, ophthalmopathy, are not well understood. High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1), damage-associated molecular pattern biomarker, has been linked to diseases and may play role in ophthalmopathy....

Patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy can be very challenging to manage secondary to the complex nature of their disease presentation. Patients may present with a variety of ocular findings including: lid retraction, periorbital and lid swelling, chemosis, conjunctival hyperemia, proptosis, optic neuropathy, restrictive myopathy, exposure keratopathy and/or keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Mini-scler...

The volume of the levator superior rectus muscle complex was determined from computed tomography scans of 152 orbits from 76 patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy. Clinically observed lid retraction and lid lag did not correlate with the levator/superior rectus muscle volume and did not correlate with limitation of vertical eye movements or inferior rectus muscle volume. These results do not sup...

BACKGROUND The development of Graves' disease (GD) after subacute thyroiditis (SAT) is very rare and only a limited number of cases have been reported. OBJECTIVES Here, we report a patient with SAT followed by hypothyroidism and later GD, with ophthalmopathy, occurring 11 years after SAT. CONCLUSION This case illustrates the appearance of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor antibodie...

BACKGROUND Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) are expressed on NK cells and a subset of T cells. The variable KIR receptors along with their ligands, HLA class I, influence risk for autoimmune and malignant diseases. OBJECTIVE To investigate the KIR gene profiles in relation to susceptibility to Graves' disease in patients with ophthalmopathy. METHODS KIR genes profiles were an...

Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) is an autoimmune disorder of the orbit that is clinically relevant in 25-50% of patients with Graves' disease and 2% of patients with chronic thyroiditis. The age-adjusted annual incidence of clinically relevant GO is 16 per 100,000 population in women and 2.9 in men. At the onset of ophthalmopathy, 80-90% of patients have hyperthyroidism, with the rest having euthyr...

We analysed the results of extraocular muscle surgery in 38 patients with stable Graves' ophthalmopathy. Fixed sutures were used in all patients. A useful field of binocular single vision was achieved in 27 patients (71%) after one operation and in seven patients (18%) after more than one, whereas double vision was persistent in four (11%). No recurrence of diplopia was seen during one year of ...

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Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: http://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of ...